How to Write a Narrative Essay or Speech

A narrative essay or speech is used to tell a story, often one that is based on personal experience. This genre of work comprises works of nonfiction that hew closely to the facts and follow a logical chronological progression of events. Writers often use anecdotes to relate their experiences and engage the reader. In doing so, you can give your narrative a level of emotional appeal. It can be serious or humorous, but this emotional appeal is essential if you want to  give your audience some way to connect with your story. The most successful narrative essays usually share these three basic traits:They make a central point.They contain  specific details  in  support  of that point.They are clearly  organized  in time. Constructing the Essay Magazines like the New Yorker and websites like Vice are known for the pages-long narrative essays they publish, sometimes called long-format journalism. But an effective narrative essay can be as short as five paragraphs. As with other kinds of essay writing, narratives follow the same basic outline: Introduction: This is the opening paragraph of your essay. It contains the hook, which is used to grab the readers attention, and the thesis or topic, which youll detail in the next section.Body: This is the heart of your essay, usually three to five paragraphs in length. Each paragraph should contain one example, such as a personal anecdote or noteworthy event, that supports your larger topic.Conclusion: This is the final paragraph of your essay. In it, youll sum up the main points of the body and bring your  narrative to an end. Writers sometimes embellish the conclusion with an epilogue or a takeaway. Narrative Essay Topics Choosing the topic for your essay may be the hardest part. What youre looking for is a particular incident that you can recount in a well-developed and clearly organized essay  or speech. We have a few ideas to help you brainstorm topics. Theyre quite broad, but something will surely spark an idea. An embarrassing experienceA memorable wedding or funeralAn exciting minute or two of a football game (or  another sporting event)Your first or last day at a job or new schoolA disastrous dateA memorable moment of failure or successAn encounter that changed your life or taught you a lessonAn experience that led to a renewed faithA strange or unexpected encounterAn experience of how technology is more trouble than its worthAn experience that left you disillusionedA frightening or dangerous experienceA memorable journeyAn encounter with someone you were in awe of or afraid ofAn occasion when you experienced rejectionYour first visit to the countryside (or to a large city)The circumstances that led to the breakup of a friendshipAn experience that showed that you should be careful of what you wish forA significant or comic misunderstandingAn experience that showed how appearances can be deceivingAn account of a difficult decision that you had to makeAn event that marked a turning point in your lifeAn experience that changed your viewpoint on a controversial issueA memorable encounter with someone in authorityAn act of heroism or cowardiceAn imaginary encounter with a real personA rebellious actA brush with greatness or deathA time that you took a stand on an important issueAn experience that altered your view of someoneA trip that you would like to takeA vacation trip from your childhoodAn account of a visit to a fictional place or timeYour first time away from homeTwo different versions of the same eventA day when everything went right or wrongAn experience that made you laugh until you criedThe experience of being lostSurviving a natural disasterAn important discoveryAn eyewitness account of an important eventAn experience that helped you grow upA description of your secret placeAn account of what it would be like to live as a particular animalYour dream job and what it would be likeAn invention youd like to createA time when you realized your parents were right An account of your earliest memoryYour reaction when you heard the best news of your lifeA description of the one thing you cant live without Other Types of Essays Narrative essays are one of the three major essay types. The others are: Argumentative: In these essays, the writer makes the case for a specific opinion on a topic, using research and analysis to persuade the reader.Descriptive: This kind of writing relies on detail to describe or define a person, place, thing, or experience. Writing may be either objective or subjective.Expository: Like argumentative essays, expository writing requires research and analysis in order to expound upon a subject. Unlike argumentative essays, the intention is not to change the readers  opinion but to inform the readers. Sources Angelli, Elizabeth; Baker, Jack; and Brizee, Allen. Essay Writing. Perdue.edu. 9 February 2018.Beck, Kate. Instructions to Write a Narrative Essay. SeattlePI.com.Santa Barbara City College staff. Structure of a Personal Narrative Essay. SBCC.edu.

Lena Horne - 9265 Words

Singer/actress Lena Hornes primary occupation was nightclub entertaining, a profession she pursued successfully around the world for more than 60 years, from the 1930s to the 1990s. In conjunction with her club work, she also maintained a recording career that stretched from 1936 to 2000 and brought her three Grammys, including a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1989; she appeared in 16 feature films and several shorts between 1938 and 1978; she performed occasionally on Broadway, including in her own Tony-winning one-woman show, Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music in 1981-1982; and she sang and acted on radio and television. Adding to the challenge of maintaining such a career was her position as an African-American facing discrimination†¦show more content†¦Jones owed his job a clerk in the county coroners office to political patronage. It did not bring in much money, and in 1938, when Horne was approached by an agent with an offer to co-star in a low-budget all-black movie mu sical with a mere ten-day shooting schedule in Hollywood, she accepted. The film was The Duke Is Tops, released in July 1938. Later in the year, Horne was asked to take on a more time-consuming project, a part in a new mounting of producer Lew Leslies all-black musical revue Blackbirds. Again, she accepted in the name of increasing the family income, spending months in rehearsals and out-of-town tryouts before Lew Leslies Blackbirds of 1939 opened on Broadway on February 11, 1939. One of Hornes numbers was Youre So Indifferent, written by Sammy Fain and Mitchell Parish, a song she would keep in her repertoire. The show ran only nine performances, closing February 18. Horne returned to Pittsburgh, where she temporarily separated from her husband, then reconciled with him. She began taking singing engagements in the homes of wealthy families in the area. She also became pregnant again, and her son, Edwin Fletcher (Teddy) Jones, was born in February 1940. That fall, she made a final separation from her husband (they were formally divorced in June 1944) and moved to New York to restart her career. In December, she accepted an offer to join theShow MoreRelatedLena Mary Calhoun Horne : An Advocate For Civil Rights And The Abolition Of Segregation1065 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1919 at the tender age of two, Lena Horne made her first public appearance on the cover of the Branch Bulletin, a publication of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. She was touted as the organization’s youngest member. Lena would go on to become a noted singer, dancer and sex symbol. Not content to revel in her fame, Lena became an advocate for ci vil rights and the abolishment of segregation. Lena Mary Calhoun Horne was born to a middle-class family in Brooklyn, NewRead More Lena Horne Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesLena Horne Lena Horne was born on June 30, 1917 in Brooklyn, New York. Her parents were Teddy and Edna Scottron Horne. After her father left her at the age of two in order to pursue his gambling career; her mother leaving soon after that to pursue her acting career; she went to live with her grandparents. Through her grandparents influence she became involved with organizations like the NAACP, at an early age. In 1924 she went back to live with her mother, traveling and being schooledRead MoreLena Horne : An American Icon3136 Words   |  13 Pages LENA HORNE: AN AMERICAN ICON Fela Langston MUSI 305 Section A Dr. Zigler 13 May 2015 Lena Horne: an American Icon Lena Horne, born Lena Mary Calhoun Horne in Brooklyn, New York was an American jazz vocalist, actress and civil rights activist who lived from June 30, 1917 to May 9, 2010. Although Horne’s beauty and her elegance received praise throughout her career, her talents and impact on American society are equally unforgettable. She was an eight timeRead More Frank Sinatra Essay example774 Words   |  4 PagesOther contributors to the album included Barbara Streisand, and Julio Iglesias. The album sequel Duets II (1994) won Sinatra his ninth Grammy Award in 1996. Duets II included collaborations with country-and-western star Willie Nelson, jazz singer Lena Horne, and popular singer and songwriter Neil Diamond. Frank Sinatra, the legendary leader of the Rat Pack and arguably the greatest entertainer of this century, died of a heart attack Thursday night, May 14, 1998, in Los Angeles at the ageRead MoreThe Way, Meet Vera Stark Essay2499 Words   |  10 PagesWhen thinking about black actresses in the 1930s through 1950s, a few names may come to mind like Nina McKinney, Lena Horne, Dorothy Dandridge, and Hattie McDaniel. However, many other black actresses have graced the big screen including Suzette Harbin, Theresa Hams, Ethel Moses, Mae Turner, and Hilda Simms just to name a few. Many of these talented actresses differ in their career paths, but they all endured some form of racism and sexism which made it laborious for them to thrive in their careersRead MoreI Am a Woman, Too: Feminism to the Black Woman966 Words   |  4 Pagesof some important black women that carry on the legacy of our past generations: Maya Angelou Josephine Baker Bessie Blount Marita Bonner Dorothy Dandridge Jessie Redmon Fauset Althea Gibson Billie Holiday Lena Horne Zora Neale Hurston Harriet Jacobs Mae Jemison Marjorie Stewart Joyner Nella Larsen Toni Morrison Rosa Parks Leontyne Price Condoleezza Rice Bessie Smith Maria Stewart So it is seen todayRead MoreI Am A Woman,Too: Feminism To The Black Woman Essay examples941 Words   |  4 Pagesof some important black women that carry on the legacy of our past generations: Maya Angelou Josephine Baker Bessie Blount Marita Bonner Dorothy Dandridge Jessie Redmon Fauset Althea Gibson Billie Holiday Lena Horne Zora Neale Hurston Harriet Jacobs Mae Jemison Marjorie Stewart Joyner Nella Larsen Toni Morrison Rosa Parks Leontyne Price Condoleezza Rice Bessie Smith Maria Stewart So it is seen todayRead MoreAnalysis Of Foucault And Queer Theory 1211 Words   |  5 Pagesall. Hooks’ exploration continues through the examination of the women idealised by the drag queens in Paris is Burning. It is primarily (upper-class) white women who are presented as the epitome of femininity rather than women of colour such as Lena Horne . This shows that the hegemonic discourses responsible for the creation of gender and sexuality categories incorporate multiple sites of privilege. By not looking at race the analysis of these categories is incomplete. Hooks then goes on to addressRead MoreA Brief Note On Irish Novelist And Non Fiction Writer Joseph O Neill Once Said1120 Words   |  5 Pagesconfident in who I am. I know that my culture, family influence, environment, friends and the need to know has influenced me. If you were to ask me to describe my identity, I would tell you, â€Å"My identity is very clear to me now, I am a black woman.†- Lena Horne, and nothing or no one can take that away from me. Read MoreThe Red Scare of McCarthyism 576 Words   |  2 Pagesonly for influence. (Wisegeek.org) McCarthyism is Americanism with its sleeves rolled. -Joseph R. McCarthy (Brainyquote.com) Known and accused Artists were Dashneill Hammett (author), Waldo Salt (screenwriter), Lillian Hellman (author of plays), Lena Horne (singer and actress), Pael Robeson (actor and singer), Elia Kazon (director, producer, writer and actor), Aaron Copland (composer), and Leonard Bernstein (Composer, conductor and author). Anyone could be accused including: screenwriters, actors

Review An Inconvenient Truth Free Essays

Review : An Inconvenient Truth An Inconvenient Truth is a provocative documentary on global warming by director Davis Guggenheim. The film, based on the multi-media presentation given by former Vice President Al Gore in over 1,000 cities around the world in recent years, presents a disturbing picture of the destruction that global warming is doing to the earth and the horrific future that we are facing if global warming is not addressed. Despite some serious weaknesses, anyone who is concerned about the future must see this film and join in discussion, debate, and action over what is needed to save the planet. We will write a custom essay sample on Review: An Inconvenient Truth or any similar topic only for you Order Now At a time when believing in scientific truth is under attack, and when the Bush administration is gagging government scientists from telling the truth, censoring official reports, and sabotaging international treaties, An Inconvenient Truth defends, popularizes and makes accessible to millions the basic science of global warming. Because of this, the film has come under attack. Right-wing talk show host Glenn Beck compared An Inconvenient Truth, to Nazi propaganda. Holman Jenkins wrote in the Wall Street Journal: â€Å"Mr. Gore’s narrative isn’t science, but science fiction. † The movie presents scientific concepts and evidence about global warming in a clear, concise and often entertaining way. It features great nature photography, graphs, and animation to visually express complex evidence. It even has a clip from Futurama. I can’t think of another movie in which the display of a graph elicited gasps of horror, but when the red lines showing the increasing rates of carbon-dioxide emissions and the corresponding rise in temperatures come on screen, the effect is jolting and chilling,† A. O. Scott writes in the New York Times review of the movie. In the movie Gore shows a graph that demonstrates a link between CO2 levels and temperature over the last 600,000 years as revealed by samples from polar ice cores. 1 During this entire period CO2 levels have varied between 180 and 280 parts per million (ppm). The level today is nearly 400 ppm, well above anything that has been seen in over a half million years. And Gore points out that the CO2 levels will rise to 600 ppm if something isn’t done quickly. Gore describes the dramatic changes taking place in the world as a result of global warming. He shows pictures taken 15 to 30 years ago of glaciers that have existed for the last 10,000 years or more and compares them to pictures taken in the last year or two. It is shocking to see the rate at which the glaciers are disappearing! The film shows the famous â€Å"snows of Kilimanjaro† in 1970. A picture from 2005 shows only a tiny sliver of ice remaining. The movie describes how many new scientific studies are confirming that warmer water in the top layer of the ocean caused by global warming is producing more powerful hurricanes. While it is not possible to attribute any specific storm, like Katrina, to the effects of global warming, an MIT study indicated that as a whole major storms spinning in both the Atlantic and the Pacific since the 1970s have increased in duration and intensity about 50%. And all of this means hardship and suffering for the people. While in the world as a whole it appears that global warming has contributed to a 20 percent increase in rain over the last 100 years. However this increase in precipitation is not uniform, and some areas of the world have suffered from drought. It was striking to see the role this drought plays in the horrors now going on in Africa, which are general ly written off in the imperialist press as the inevitable nightmares of â€Å"uncivilized† people that the West has no responsibility for. Famine is killing many children and putting millions of lives at risk in the Niger area. In Darfur, a horrific genocide is being carried out. While the causes leading to the genocide and famine are complex, a contributing factor to these nightmare situations is changes brought on by global warming. Lake Chad, once the sixth largest lake in the world, which has shrunk to one-twentieth of its former size, with sand dunes covering its bed. The disappearance of the lake has led to collapsed fisheries, lack of irrigation and crop failures, and millions displaced by hunger. While the climate changes produced by global warming are beginning to show themselves today in shocking ways, these are just a glimmer of the changes that scientists predict may come about due to global warming: mass extinction of species, flooding in coastal areas due to melting polar ice, spread of infectious diseases, and the destruction of coral reefs caused by rising CO2 in the ocean’s water. The destruction of glaciers due to global warming does not mean only that our children may never be able to see a glacier. The Himalayan glaciers, which provide more than half of the drinking water for over 40% of the world’s population, are among the most affected by global warming. Within the next 50 years these people may face a massive drinking water shortage as well as food shortages due to lack of irrigation. This is a one scary movie, made all the more so because the threats it depicts are real. And, unlike so many summer blockbusters, no superhero is going to come to save the day. How to cite Review: An Inconvenient Truth, Essay examples

Coraline free essay sample

In response to the school board’s request for student feedback, I am writing to express my opinion about which should be used to teach about the Fantasy genre, Coraline the book or Coraline the movie. In my opinion, I believe that Coraline the movie should be used in schools to teach the Fantasy genre. This is because the sounds, animations, and new characters all show more elements and examples of the Fantasy genre than in the book. By the time you finish reading this, you will surely end up being persuaded that Coraline the movie has more elements and examples of Fantasy than in the book. The first detail that makes Coraline the movie have more elements of Fantasy is animation. The animations in the movie were cartoon people, which means the characters don’t necessarily have to do things real people can do. Another element of animation that makes the movie more fantastical is that you can see exactly what the character is doing but in the book it is just your imagination. We will write a custom essay sample on Coraline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, in the movie, special effects can be added to make the scenes look more fantastical. Overall, the animations from the movie show more elements of fantasy than in the book. Secondly, the new and different characters in the movie make Coraline the movie have more elements of fantasy than the book. In the movie, the â€Å"other mother† turns the â€Å"other dad† into a pumpkin instead of a blob. This is more fantastical because pumpkins are plants and the fact that a pumpkin is alive and speaks is very fantastical. The second example of new and different characters is Wybie Lovat. He is a new character that is in the movie but not the book. He adds more fantasy because he finds a doll that looks just like Coraline and gives it to her. The new and different characters is the second detail that makes Coraline the movie have more elements of Fantasy. The third detail that makes Coraline the movie have more elements of Fantasy is sound. The sound from the movie can let you hear the characters tone of voice while speaking which lets you know if what they are saying sounds fantastical. The second thing is that you can hear background sounds and noise. This adds to Fantasy because it lets you hear strange sounds in the background that make it more fantastical. The third thing is that in the movie you can hear how loud the character is speaking. This can let you know how the character feels which adds on to the fantastical elements. I have now expressed my opinion on which to use to teach the Fantasy genre. Coraline the movie has many elements and examples of Fantasy. Coraline the movie should be used in schools to teach the Fantasy genre because the sounds, animations, and new or different characters all show more elements and examples of the Fantasy genre than in the book. Now that you have taken a look at many examples and elements of Fantasy in the movie, I hope that you consider using Coraline the movie to teach Fantasy in schools.

How to Enhance Your Websites Credibility

HOW TO ENHANCE YOUR WEBSITES CREDIBILITY In my last blog, I talked about taking the fluff out of your company’s website – getting rid of phrases like â€Å"we’re dedicated to† and â€Å"our mission is† and actually saying something about your services. I’m following that up with more ways that you can build credibility on the web and turn casual visitors into paying customers. Here are a few pretty easy things you can do to make your website work harder for you: 1. Add a â€Å"Testimonials† Page. Sure, you’re going to say that you’re the best in the business. But that message is WAY more effective when it comes from your actual satisfied clients. If you’ve got raving fans, show it. Ask your past and current customers to give you some feedback and post it on your site – positive, honest customer testimonials go a long way when it comes to building credibility with prospective clients. 2. Add a â€Å"Case Studies† Page. Show off your problem-solving skills with some real-life examples. You can talk all day about how your company goes the extra mile, but it’s much more interesting – and credible – to post a few case studies. Did your company recently come up with an innovative solution that saved a client thousands? Or have you recently helped a customer solve a major productivity problem? Show what you can do to keep your customers up and running. 3. Add a Client List. Anyone can say that they have hundreds of satisfied clients – but that doesn’t mean it’s true. Instead of simply telling people you have clients, give a few examples. Of course, it’s even better if you’ve got a few big-name, Fortune 500 companies. But even small, local clients are credibility-builders. 4. Add Real Pictures. Now’s not the time to be camera shy. Instead of stock photos, use real pictures of your facilities – and your people. This is especially important if your business is mostly web-based – clients feel like they can put an actual face with a name. 5. Add a Physical Address. Again, this is a big one if you do most of your business online. Most customers feel a lot better knowing that your company actually has an address. A real street address – rather than simply a P.O. box – sends a message that your company is stable. And legitimate. Your street address – and the rest of your contact information – should be at the bottom of every page of your website. Combine these credibility-building ideas with killer copy and a good, easy-to-scan layout, and you’ve got a site that helps drive sales and build up your customer base. Have any other suggestions for crafting a credible website? Leave a comment and let us know!

Christmas Quotes From Famous Writers

Christmas Quotes From Famous Writers The Christmas Holidays are all about traditions. Families and friends sing Christmas carols, and kids listen to stories about Santa  and Rudolph. Whether you are looking for words to express in Christmas cards or letters, in social media or just for fun, here you can find famous quotations by  famous writers. Margaret Cousins Christmas, in its final essence, is for grown people who have forgotten what children know. Christmas is for whoever is old enough to have denied the unquenchable spirit of man. Dale Evans Christmas, my child, is love in action.   Joan Winmill Brown Christmas! The very word brings joy to our hearts. No matter how we may dread the rush, the long Christmas lists for gifts and cards to be bought and given - when Christmas Day comes there is still the same warm feeling we had as children, the same warmth that enfolds our hearts and our homes.   Bess Streeter Aldrich Christmas Eve was a night of song that wrapped itself about you like a shawl. But it warmed more than your body. It warmed your heart...filled it, too, with melody that would last forever.   Oren Arnold Christmas gift suggestions: To your enemy, forgiveness. To an opponent, tolerance. To a friend, your heart. To a customer, service. To all, charity. To every child, a good example. To yourself, respect. Lenore Hershey Do give books - religious or otherwise - for Christmas. Theyre never fattening, seldom sinful, and permanently personal.   Peg Bracken Gifts of time and love are surely the basic ingredients of a truly merry Christmas.   Ray Stannard Baker I sometimes think we expect too much of Christmas Day. We try to crowd into it the long arrears of kindliness and humanity of the whole year. As for me, I like to take my Christmas a little at a time, all through the year. And thus I drift along into the holidays - let them overtake me unexpectedly - waking up some fine morning and suddenly saying to myself: Why this is Christmas Day! Charles Dickens I will honour Christmas in my heart, and try to keep it all the year. W.T Ellis It is Christmas in the heart that puts Christmas in the air. Isabel Currier It is the personal thoughtfulness, the warm human awareness, the reaching out of the self to ones fellow man that makes giving worthy of the Christmas spirit. Charlton Heston My first copies of Treasure Island  and Huckleberry Finn  still have some blue-spruce needles scattered in the pages. They smell of Christmas still. Charlotte Carpenter Remember, if Christmas isnt found in your heart, you wont find it under a tree. Hugh Downs Something about an old-fashioned Christmas is hard to forget. Phillips Brooks The earth has grown old with its burden of care But at Christmas it always is young, The heart of the jewel burns lustrous and fair And its soul full of music breaks the air, When the song of angels is sung.   Charles N. Barnard The perfect Christmas tree? All Christmas trees are perfect!   Erma Bombeck Theres nothing sadder in this world than to awake Christmas morning and not be a child.   Mrs. Paul M. Ell They err who think Santa Claus comes down through the chimney; he really enters through the heart.   Taylor Caldwell This is the message of Christmas: We are never alone. Calvin Coolidge To the American People: Christmas is not a time or a season but a state of mind. To cherish peace and goodwill, to be plenteous in mercy, is to have the real spirit of Christmas. If we think on these things, there will be born in us a Savior and over us will shine a star sending its gleam of hope to the world. Bing Crosby Unless we make Christmas an occasion to share our blessings, all the snow in Alaska wont make it white.   Marjorie Holmes At Christmas, all roads lead home.   Majorie Holmes It comes every year and will go on forever. And along with Christmas belong the keepsakes and the customs. Those humble, everyday things a mother clings to, and ponders, like Mary in the secret spaces of her heart. Bob Hope My idea of Christmas, whether old-fashioned or modern, is very simple: loving others. Come to think of it, why do we have to wait for Christmas to do that? Bob Hope When we recall Christmas past, we usually find that the simplest things - not the great occasions - give off the greatest glow of happiness. Washington Irving Christmas is the season for kindling the fire of hospitality in the hall, the genial flame of charity in the heart. W.C. Jones The joy of brightening other lives, bearing each others burdens, easing others loads and supplanting empty hearts and lives with generous gifts becomes for us the magic of Christmas.   Garrison Keillor A lovely thing about Christmas is that its compulsory, like a thunderstorm, and we all go through it together. Robert Lynd Were I a philosopher, I should write a philosophy of toys, showing that nothing else in life need to be taken  seriously  and that Christmas Day in the company of children is one of the few occasions on which men become entirely alive. Hamilton Wright Mabie Blessed is the season which engages the whole world in a conspiracy of love. Harlan Miller I wish we could put up some of the Christmas  spirit  in jars and open a jar of it every month. Joan Mills Christmas is the keeping-place for memories of our innocence. Garry Moore Christmas is, of course, the time to be home - in  heart  as well as  body. Agnes M. Pahro What is Christmas? It is tenderness for the past, courage for the present, hope for the future. It is a fervent wish that every cup may overflow with blessings rich and  eternal,  and that every path may lead to peace. Norman Vincent Peale Christmas waves a magic wand over this world, and behold, everything is softer and more beautiful. Norman Vincent Peale I truly believe that if we keep telling the Christmas story, singing the Christmas songs, and living the Christmas spirit, we can bring joy and happiness and peace to this world. Andy Rooney One of the most glorious messes in the world is the mess created in the living room on Christmas day. Dont clean it up too quickly. Andy Rooney The best Christmas trees come very close to exceeding nature. Augusta E. Rundell Christmas - that magic blanket that wraps itself about us, that something so intangible that it is like a fragrance. It may weave a spell of nostalgia. Christmas may be a day of feasting, or of prayer, but always it will be a day of remembrance - a day in which we think of everything we have ever loved. Eric Sevareid As long as we know in our hearts what Christmas ought to be, Christmas is. Eric Sevareid Christmas is a necessity. There has to be at least one day of the year to remind us that were here for something else besides ourselves. Ralph Sockman Christmas renews our youth by stirring our wonder. The capacity for wonder has been called our most pregnant human faculty, for in it are born our art, our science, our religion. Margaret Thatcher Christmas is a day of meaning and traditions, a special day spent in the warm circle of family and friends. Thomas Tusser At Christmas play and make good cheer, For Christmas comes but once a year. Lenora Mattingly Weber Christmas is for children. But it is for grownups too. Even if it is a headache, a chore, and nightmare, it is a period of necessary defrosting of chill and hide-bound hearts. Joanne Woodward Which Christmas is the most vivid to me? Its always the next Christmas.

Halewood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Halewood - Essay Example Halewood must be cognizant of the fact that it is very difficult to introduce a new product in the market and this is even worsen if there are alternative product that has been in the market for a long time that will be posing a challenge. It thus needs several strategy measures to ensure that the expectedniche is occupied in the market, among other things that will affect their marketing strategy in this case includes; Competition from Alternative Products In designing their marketing and service delivery strategy, the company should look at the issue of alternative products in terms of prices, availability, and the customer’s loyalty associated with them. This is very important in coming up with a marketing strategy that will counter strong sense of establishment in the market from other products. Prices of the alternative products will play a significant role in affecting Halewood marketing strategy because for them to make a break through, they have to retail at a cost low er than those of the established product. The cost of the alternative products will thus be very critical for Halewood to make informed choice on how best they should sell their products in the market in order to have a competitive edge. The availability of the product is equally important for Halewood to evaluate the strategy that should be used to make the product have sufficient inroads in most of the prospective market zones. In most cases, one will find that products availability are skewed to one zone than others, with this realization, Halewood are able to have different strategies in the different areas based on the intensity of other products in the different areas. In an area with more competitive products, there will be intense marketing than those areas that do not experience business rivalry on the same product. Product’s Strength in the Market Halewood will have to consider their product’s strength that the competitive products are not giving, Like in the case of the new product being introduced, the company came up with this taste to provide a solution for those who want an alternative product to consume other than Alcohol or caffeine. This is the strength of the product the company has come up with that probably most business competitors are not providing; most of the probable competitors provide purely alcohol or soft drinks. In this case, Halewood will be providing an intermediary product that will cater for the needs of those who do not want alcohol and caffeine in the afternoon. In their marketing, this should be boldly captured so that the prospective customers can know the unique taste that is provided by the new product (Lawley, 2007, p.83). The fact that the new product is designed in a way to bring in a new taste in the market should be categorically captured in the marketing strategy so that the customers will develop the urge to have its taste and make choice out of it. Understanding Competition Introduction of every ne w product in the market meets an existing competition, to effectively compete with those companies that are already established or introduce customers to new products, a lot has to be done in relation to understanding strategies used by other companies. This will involves researching on the marketing strategies of the competitive companies so that a good understanding of their strengths and weaknesses are known. This will help Halewood to devise a marketing strategy that will counter those that are played by the competitors, it is important to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the competitors in deciding which option to consider (Lawley, 2007, p.88). Having known the weakness and the strengths of the competitor

People have become more overly dependent on technology Essay

People have become more overly dependent on technology - Essay Example According to Spira (2011) technology has been well embraced by so many people in the world. This to some extent has both negatively and positively contributed to the development in various countries. All people depend on technology for several things. Technology has become a back bone to so many things in the world. Technology has been majorly been embraced in the transport and communication sector. Countries that have low level technology are termed as under developed countries while those with high level of technology are the developed countries. Most of the African countries are under developed. This is because of the few industries found in these countries. Klososky (2011) states technology has improved the communication sector to a larger extent whereby people are able to convey their concern to one another despite the distance differences. Communication has become faster, efficient and cheaper. All people can afford mobile phones which are widely used. Most teenagers have embraced Facebook and twitter which are providing easier mode of social networking. Technology has helped in the improvement of transport sector since there are many faster modes of transport that have been invented. Transport means such as aircrafts help someone to reach their destination very fast and easier this has improved the market sectors since perishable goods such as horticultural products can reach the market on time.

Evaluate the claim that German big business was willingly and Essay

Evaluate the claim that German big business was willingly and profitably cooperated with the Nazi regime in the exploitation of Europe, 1939-45 - Essay Example One of the stronger reactions is given to those companies which are discovered or confess to having links with the Nazi regime and from an examination of historical records as well as various other documents it seems clear that many companies willingly cooperated with the Nazis towards the exploitation of Europe. However, it can be shown that the companies had little interest in ideology or the motives of the Nazis; rather, they were interested in making money since that was their main objective. The economic background of the era is important in this respect because when the Nazis came into power, the economic situation of Germany was disastrous. High unemployment rates meant that the economy was under productive and under pressure. During this time, the economic reorganization of the state was made the responsibility of a respected banker, Hjalmar Schacht. Under his guidance, several changes were made to the economic policy and some of the first economic changes were the elimination of trade unions and establishment of the wage controls in German society (Wikipedia, 2006). These measures certainly helped the business community since trade unions had been able to strike as well as negotiate salaries on a collective basis. Needless to say businesses approved of these ideas and worked hand in hand with the Nazis to improve the economy as Hitler saw fit. The money supply to the economy was expanded with the aid of deficit spending with interest rates held firmly at 4.5%. Shell companies were setup such as the MEFO company which issued bonds but these were actually utilized to hide expenditure on arms which was a violation of the Versailles Treaty (Wikipedia, 2006). The creation of a black market was stopped simply because the Germans could send violators to concentration camps or shot after a summary trial. Imports were limited while exports were expanded leading to an overvalued mark. Despite all of these measures,

Feature Driven Development Or Fdd Information Technology Essay

Feature Driven Development Or Fdd Information Technology Essay Feature driven development or FDD was further developed by Jeff De Luca to lead a software development project for a large bank in Singapore in the year 1997. The project needs to be done by 15 month and 50 employees were involved for completing the project. Another person that introduced features into the FDD development was Peter Coad. Peter Coad used object modeling and feature list as an approach to make the project meet the requirements and develop the tasks for completing the project. FDD emphasizes on starting a project by first having a detailed plan of conducting the overall process by including the main planning, object model and feature list at the starting point of the project. These items can evolved freely because each process does not affect greatly on each other. The project manager serves as the administrative leader for the project. He or she makes sure that the project operates systematically and ensures that all the participants are focused on the task. Chief Architect The chief architect holds the responsibility for designing the overall system. They also need to consider all the design issues and make critical decisions. Development Manager The role for the development manager is to handle the day to day activities in the progress of the project and ends the conflict between that happens within the team. Chief Programmer The chief programmer is usually an experienced developer. They are mainly involved in leading smaller teams for the analysis, design and development of new features. The chief programmer also needs to identify the characteristics of the feature team so that he can choose the right classes and owners that are appropriate. Sometimes the chief programmers will need to work together to solve problems such as resourcing issues and report on the progress of the team. Class Owners Class owners are responsible for the class that has been assigned to. They are under the guidance of the chief programmer. Their work responsibilities include designing, coding, testing and documenting. Domain Experts The domain experts have the probability of a user, client, a sponsor, a business analyst or a combination of the previously mentioned. The developers rely on the knowledge of the domain expert on the requirements of the undeveloped system should perform. The next other roles below are roles that does not dominate the important roles but rather acts as a supporting role and additional roles in the structure of FDD methodology. ? Domain Object Modeling The main motive of this practice is to make all the stakeholders voice out there ideas so that the project has a guideline or a road map to where it is going. The object model is a continuously updated process for rooms of correction. Developing By Feature This practice emphasize that the FDD development is done by completing each feature before moving to the next. This feature works by collecting the point of views from the client which will be evaluated and take into consideration. It can be expressed in the form of , and achieving equilibrium between these actions. This feature usually can be completed within hours or days and have a maximum 2 weeks for completing the task. Class (code) Ownership Each developer or class owner is responsible for his/her class, hence it is very important that the class owner knows what are the goals that need to be achieved and he or she must understand the characteristics and behavior of the class. This is in order that the class owner will be the first one to inform and update the class for any changes that needs to be implemented on the project so that the class can adapt much faster to the situation. There is the risk of losing a team member in the class which might be a danger to the project. Hence involvement from the class owner is very important in this practice to make sure he or she has control of the class. Feature Teams In a feature team, the owner of the feature or also known as the chief programmer works with the class owners as a team. The implementation of the feature should be done very quick and effectively. This practice also has the characteristic of flexibility when changes occur. The required class owner is just added to the feature team depending on the requirements. The feature teams are combined and then breaks up after the feature has been completed. Sometimes the feature teams works together with other feature teams and a time and an individual maybe working for a few feature teams at a time. The work of a feature team ends when their feature has been integrated to the product. Inspections This practice in FDD is to make sure that the quality and the design and code are up to standard. Besides that, there are 2 other main purpose for this practice which is to make sure the team members understands the other classes that are involved and the other purpose is to act as a forced function to maintain the consistency of the project ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s coding standards. Regular Build Schedule This practice is encouraged to be done often and continuously based on the need of the project. It should be a practice that is done at more than once in a week. When a new feature has been updated to the current system baseline, it can then be tested and then be documented after demonstration to the customers or the project sponsors. Configuration Management This practice in FDD is dependent on the size, scope and complexity of the project. There is no unique structure for the configuration management for the FDD development but the team must make sure that they manage their artifacts well. Reporting/Visibility of Results The FDD uses a project tracking methodology to prevent that the project is done half way before entering the next task. The feature list is referred to build the milestones that need to be achieved and some weighing factors of it. The FDD mile stones can be defined as follow: Domain walkthrough ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½complete; Design ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ready for inspection; Design inspection ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½and any rework and reinspection complete; Code ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ready for inspection; Code inspection ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½and any rework and reinspection complete; Promote to build ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½all feature code checked in and ready for the next build; The weight for each milestone uses a simple computation method. It is simply the time required for that feature to be completed divide by the overall time needed to complete the overall feature. For example, if the design walkthrough requires 5% of their time to complete, then the weight for the milestone is to be 0.05(5% divide by 100). For computing the project status, it is the total milestones that have been completed divide by the number of features. For example, the current completed milestones are 183 in weight and the features are 200. Then the completion of the project is: Project status =(sum of currently completed milestones)/(the total number feature in the product) ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100% = 183/200 ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100% = 91.5% Advantages and Disadvantages of the Feature Driven Development Advantages Disadvantages It is better defined and measured by its 8 practices rather then the process flow. Create efficiency of individuals at making changes to a class The lost of the individual will bring a negative effect on the feature team. Owns the dynamic and flexible characteristics at adding required owners to a feature team. Lack emphasis on the configuration management. Should be a more detailed structure. Inspections are emphasized to ensure quality of design and codings. Sets milestones and ensures that the feature is done before continuing the next. Discussions: The feature driven development requires the owner of each class is fully involved in the feature and take responsibility for his or her class. Motivation is instill to the owner to work efficiently. The overall assumption from the stakeholders is very important to develop the object model of the project. The features must be first identified to make the project flow more smoothly. The milestones make sure that the previous progress is done before moving on to the next. This step is smart to prevent continuous work an unfinished task. Conclusion: The feature driven development provides good flexibility when a feature needs to be developed. Class owners are able to combine and disband based on the needs when developing the feature makes this methodology a very dynamic characteristic.

Prostitution in 18th Century England Essay example -- European History

Prostitution in 18th Century England "Miss B____rn. No. l 8 Old Compton Street, Soho Close in the arms she languishingly lies With dying looks, short breath, and wishing eyes. This accomplished nymph has just attained her eighteenth year, and fraught with every perfection, enters a volunteer in the field of Venus. She plays on the pianofort, sings, dances, and is mistress of every Maneuver in the amorous contest that can enhance the coming pleasure; is of the middle stature, fine auburn hair, dark eyes and very inviting countenance, which ever seems to beam delight and love. In bed she is all the heart can wish, or eyes admires every limb is symmetry, every action under cover truly amorous; her price two pounds." (Maccubbin 63) The above is an excerpt from Harris's List of Covent Garden Ladies, a listing of prostitutes published annually, and primarily aimed at the wealthy, as one might suppose from the rather exorbitant fee charged by the above Miss B___ rn. This particular biography is from the 1788 edition. Not all prostitutes were this expensive though. Some of the more "common" tarts available in London could be had for a shilling or two (Maccubbin). Prostitution, in the eighteenth century, was perhaps as close as it has ever been to being an acceptable livelihood. The crusading, abolishing Puritans had been hushed up, at least a little, and the emphasis shifted to the economic reality of trying, as a woman, to support oneself in the harsh climate of London. London's primary industry was wealthy people (Maccubbin 61), and the best, and sometimes only, way to make money was to entice said wealthy people to spend their money. Being a prostitute was really the most economically viable option. Working as a seamstre... ... up on the subject for this paper, and Goodness gracious, hidden amongst ridiculous numbers of capital letters is some rather graphic stuffy which I, in my naivete? was shocked had been written so far before the 20th century. History is not so prudish as many would have one think. Anyway, my overall point is simply that prostitution was an acceptable, and often recorded way of life in the 18th century, though things got, of course, more restrained as the century wore on and the spectre of Queen Victoria began to loom large and repressed in the age to come. Also, at this time, there was not as much medical data regarding just what venereal diseases could do to someone, and once people began to realize the effects, they began to exercise a little restraint. But, for most of the century, the ladies of the evening enjoyed a profitable and almost respectable business.

Be My Brother

Belonging and alienation is the process of being either excluded or accepted by the society in which you live. Belong is a human conception,mostly considered a fundamental human need and a source of survival, safety, protection and happiness. To belong is usually considered positive and essential for a successful existence:however a negative sense of belonging:found among the displaced, marginalised and uncared for can lead to many social, filial and personal problems that can be almost insurmountable for the individual.The short trop fest film â€Å"Be My Brother† by Genevieve Clay 2009, represents these ideas through the films central characters. The film deals with society and people with disabilities feeling displaced within society due to prejudices. It also displays the notions of disconnection and isolation within the family home of the main character and his brother. The viewer here develops a strong connection to the idea of alienation and not belonging. The short fil m â€Å"Be My Brother† explores the concept of isolation through disabilities.Richard the protagonist is born with a disability and is isolated from society. Richard feels as though he doesn’t exist around his brother Damien. As the film progresses, Richard the protagonist meets a girl names Amanda and she neglects him at first, though she discovers another side to him, and so form a relationship with him. Social acceptance is the process of affiliation with society, but within the film â€Å"Be My Brother† it begins with the exclusion of the main character that has a disability. This is evident when Richard meets Amanda for the first time.As she see’s Richard approaching, she immediately moves towards the edge of the seat. The wide shot used in this scene indicates Amanda’s discomfort, where it demonstrates her fear towards people who are physically different. Furthermore, as Richard offers his hand to Amanda for a handshake, she quickly touches h is hand, and faces the other way. The close up shot within this scene reveals Amanda’s disgust towards Richard through hand gestures, where it emphasies her cruelty and superiority towards him.Clothing in this segment plays a crucial role. Amanda is wearing black clothing, which portrays her social standing, which represents class, elegance, and wealth, whereas Richard is wearing brown clothing, expressing dull, inferior and being less important. The full shot used demonstrates the relationships between characters, and where they stand in society. In addition, social acceptance can be displayed within the family. Richard feels displaced around his brother Damien.This is exemplified in the scene where Damien wearing a black hoodie with his hood up, incorporated with the wide shot depicts resentment and exclusion, where Damien feels embarrassed about his brother because he has a disability. The black hoodie symbolises something evil and depressed which contributes to the isolat ion Richard is experiencing. As Richard passes his hand with the audio recorder to Damien, Damien promptly tries to avoid Richard by moving his head. The close up shot allows the audience to see Damien’s facial expression conveying Damiens arrogance towards Richard.Social acceptance is the key concept within the film â€Å"Be My Brother†, where cameral angles and clothing play a crucial role in revealing the idea of feeling accepted and to belong within society. Disconnection and isolation is portrayed throughout the film between Richard and his brother. The negative sense of belonging, where someone feels isolated; found among the marginalised and uncared for can lead to anger and disappointment. The ideas of isolation can be seen at the beginning of the film. The extreme long shot at the beginning of the film reflects the setting, as Richard is disconnected from society.The blur of the background enhances Richards loneliness and societies prejudice against people wit h disabilities. Furthermore, the aspect of displacement can be manifested in the segment where Damien is sitting by himself at the bus stop and Richard is standing up, expressing his point. The major quote Richard plays in his audio recording â€Å"I am what I am, I can’t change that, my brother doesn’t seem to understand, he seems like he doesn’t want to be near me, I seem to always embarrass him and I don’t like to be ignored! shows evidence of self-expression where Richard seeks to be accepted by his brother and society. Anger and disappointment emerges within the audio recording which shows Richards frustration towards his brother, creating tension and indicating family breakdown.However, Damien experiences a change of heart when he is unable to pay his bus fare. Richard steps in and pays the driver. The long shot used in this scene culminates Damien’s feelings towards his brother, creating a journey as he walks down the narrow bus path toward s his brother and he is thinking and taking into account what his brother did for im and how he has treated his brother. The notions of anger, resentment and embarrassment slowly fade away as he takes off his hoodie and Richard hugs him. This important factor leads to acceptance with his brother and the formation of a positive family relationship. Disconnection and isolation is portrayed throughout the film between Richard and his brother, although it diminishes when Damien comes to the realisation that he is taking his brother for granted and thus the film shapes our understanding of belong and alienation.Ultimately the short film â€Å"Be My Brother† has further developed the understanding of belonging and alienation. Details of the social acceptance, disconnection and isolation portrayed throughout the film between Richard and his Brother, all expose â€Å"belonging and alienation† as a human conception whereby to belong is usually considered positive and to not bel ong leads to marginalisation. The feeling of belonging means acceptance however if someone is under the threat of not belonging the feelings of isolation, anger and disappointment emerge.

super size Essay Example

super size Essay Example super size Essay super size Essay Super Size Me 1 . A vegan diet, is where people dont use anything od animal origin. Vegans do not use anything made from animal based products. People become vegan either because of animal rights, envirnmental factors, or becuase they want better health. Vegans do not use any product that comes from animals even clothing like Leather, wool or cosmetics. The difference between a vegan and a vegetarian, is that vegetarians eat eggs and dairy products. And use animal based products clothing, cosemtics etc. People become vegan to lower the risk of cancer, diabetes, heart isease and hypertension, that can be caused from eating animal fats and proteins. Vegans eat whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and legumes, because they contain no cholestrol and are low in fat, especially saturated fats. They are high in fiberr and other nutrients needed. There are several plant based foods that are good sources of protein such as beans, peanuts, and soya. Vegans are also more at risk to developing vitamin 812 deficiency, because the human can not use the plant based form of the vitamin. Vegans are for animal rights they believe that animals should live their life without human interference. They believe that to many of our resources are used to feed animals to eat them, when we could be using them for human resources. Some studies show that vegans live longer than people that eat red meat and animal fats. 2. Two barriers that people perceive as barriers to eating healthy are that they dont like healthy foods and that healthy foods are expensive. Many people use the excuse that they dont like healthy foods and that they crave for sweets and higher fat foods. A solution to this barrier would be to get into a habit of not listening to what you know you like and give new foods a chance. Dont try and give up the foods you like in ne day, you Just have to change how often you eat it. Think more positive about healthy foods, then focusing on the negatives. A solution to the barrier that healthy food is expensive, is that you should plan a weeks worth of food so that you dont have the need to go out to eat. You can save money by buying store brand products, then buying name brand products that cost more. You can start to learn how to cook in healthy ways. 3. Morgan interviewed Mr. Gorske, that ate big macs everyday. He looked healthy because of his weight but he says that probably 90% of his food in take comes from big macs. Mr. Gorske says that he has eaten about 265 big macs a month, which is about 8. 5 big macs a day. If ture he would be taking in 4,600 calories and 247 grams of fat daily. In one month he can take in as much as 143,100 calories and 16. 9 pounds of fat a month. That is not healthy for a 59 year old man. Even though his cholestrol is below average, I have no doubt in my mind that he is at risk for depression, and high blood pressure. The high levels of fat and sodium in the food can cause high blood pressure or hypertension. Excessive sodium intake can have a negative impact on the renal function, and can even lead to kidney disease. In the small fries at Macdonalds they have about 200 calories, and in the super size fries has about 600 calories. The high levels of fat and sodium also contribute to heart diease by raising the blood cholesterol levels and contribute to arterial plaque bulid up. High levels of fatty acids that are found in fast f can lead to fatty liver deposits, over time can cause liver dysfunction and disease. In the documentary Morgan had all of his vitamins were under 50% of what he needed after starting the super size me experiment. On day 30 he had gained about 18% of his body weight. He felt fatigue, depressed and felt shitty when he didnt eat macdonalds his body was getting addicted to it. He also got massice headaches. He turned he liver into fat. It was about 5 months to lose all of the weight has gained, 20 pounds, and 8 weeks to get his cholestoral back to normal. He was on a vegan diet, but after he lost the weight he went back to eating meats. 4. Someone that eats well and is active, but over weight can be considered healthy because It depends on how your body takes in the food. People that are overweight can be healthy. If they equal out the physical activity and the calories they take in, they will be healthy. I think it depend on how your body works. Some people absorb all of the calories and store them faater then others. Others can use up all of the calories and fat faster than others. 5. Some barriers of physical activity to teens are that they are to lazy, they dont have time, have no self motivation, and think that excerise is not enjoyable. Myself, excersise is hard to keep motivating yourself to keep on doing it on a daily routine. I dont think that excerise is enjoyable until you get into a routine, and are able to do the activity better then before. Its also hard to find time, some student work, babysit or have ther things needed to be done. I think that students should have a gym class every year to help motivate them to do it. 6. Yes, I do think that living an active and healthy life is costly because all Junk food is lower in cost than the cost of healthier foods. Whole grain bread is almost a dollar or more than the white bread. So people with a low income will find it more affordable to buy more Junk food than the healthier foods. Doing physical activity can be at a cost, depending on what you want to do. But on the other hand you can Just go for a walk or a Jog at not cost. Michelle Nolan

Making Money with Poetry Workshops

Making Money with Poetry Workshops I always wanted to be a teacher. I always wanted to be a poet.   In reality, I ended up in the Marine Corps   which led to a career in aviation. Hmm, not very poetic! However, my dreams to be a teacher and a poet never subsided and I now make money, yes, real money creating and teaching poetry workshops at local libraries.   This is a robust market and fairly easy to penetrate! Most libraries have discretionary funds available to them via the Friends of the Library group associated with their particular branch. This is a nationwide network of non-profit groups that raise money to help local libraries. Groups conduct book sales and bake sales and often operate small gift shops at the library to raise money. Funds are used to pay for additional library equipment, employee appreciation luncheons, special events and yes, even poetry workshops! The best way to find the money is to contact the local library manager or event manager with a poetry workshop proposal.   These people are able to review and endorse your idea and forward your proposal to the Friends Group to seek funding for your workshop.   Response time is generally within a month because the groups tend to meet on a monthly basis. In my experience, a two-hour poetry workshop typically pays $50 to $200 per event. Note, these are for workshops you teach at YOUR local libraries.   If you would require funding for travel and expenses to other libraries, you would need to ask for more money. A poetry workshop proposal should be neat and succinct. One page is sufficient. Something that provides only the salient details: title of the workshop, summary (one or two sentences), purpose (one sentence), participants (for example, suitable for adults versus children), duration (recommend 90 minutes to two hours), materials (mention if participants need to bring their own pens and paper or if you will provide), set-up (for example, indicate if you need a podium, conference table and chairs), cost (flat rate works best), class size and a brief literary

Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Islam - Essay Example The five pillars of Islam are Shahada (the Islamic creed), Salah (the formal prayer), Zakat (giving some possessions to people in need), Saum (prohibition to eat and drink and have sexual relations from dawn to dusk during Ramadan holidays) and The Hajj (an obligatory travel to Mecca). The Holy Quran is, thus, more than a religious book – it is a philosophical work providing people with information as for how they should live to find peace with the outside world and their own souls. The cause of schism is conflict over the leadership of two groups of followers: followers of Abu (the father of the Prophets wife) and followers of Ali (the husband of Prophets daughter). The goal was to constrain the rising conflict among the various communities; its ultimate aim was to develop a national identity by reconciling divisive issues and establishing a minimum level of consensus as a prelude to full national integration. In their politics, Sunnis are more liberal while Shiites are conservative. The failure to unit was in the boundaries of the communities and the fact that they refused to use the religion as a platform to cooperate and develop crosscutting interests. The strength of religious loyalties and identities eclipsed the integrative potential

Research tutoial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research tutoial - Essay Example Research on nursing usually falls mainly into two areas. These are qualitative research and quantitative research. Quantitative research has its basis on the paradigm of logical positivism, and it focuses on outcomes for clients which are measurable (Polit & Beck, 2010). These are generally statistics. On the other hand, qualitative research as its basis on grounded theory, phenomenology and ethnography among others (Polit & Beck, 2010). It takes into consideration of those involved in delivering the nursing care, putting more emphasis on the meaning which it holds for the individual. There are set guidelines, as well as procedures that assist the participants of nursing research to carry out an effective research. Embracement of these guidelines and procedures will help in protecting the participants as they carry out their research, as well as practice. Legal and ethical issues involve the requirements of participants on their daily work. It takes into consideration the protection of dignity with regard to the information publication in the research. Nevertheless, when nurses participate in any research, they have to put up with the society, nursing practices, and science (Sawatzky-Dickson & Clarke, 2008). The main legal and ethical issues during nursing research include informed consent, beneficence, respect for confidentiality and anonymity and respect for privacy. Informed consent is one of the main ethical issues in conducting nursing research. It is one of the means that enhance protection of the right of the patient to autonomy. It involves the ability for determination, with respect to a personal plan (Sawatzky-Dickson & Clarke, 2008). When it comes to beneficence, it includes professional mandate to carry out a significant and effective research for the purpose of serving and promoting the welfare of the constituents. This implies that the nurses should conduct their

Communication Memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Communication Memo - Assignment Example manager, allow me to share some relevant techniques and strategies in enhancing group communication, as well as in introducing the new employees to their teammates. I would initially provide some insights regarding potential barriers that might exist in group communication. Subsequently, I would describe relevant techniques to overcome those barriers and enhance group communication; prior to delving in expounding on the role of conflict in effective group communication. Authoritative sources are listed as a reference page for your perusal. Our organization welcomes new employees through an orientation program which aims to provide crucial information regarding the organization’s brief history, member of the executive management team and the organizational structure, policies and procedures, code of conduct and discipline, as well as the employees’ roles and responsibilities in their respective departments. The human resources department (HRD) has recently hired five (5) new employees to assume the position of HRD personnel in charge of assisting in various human resources functions: acquisition, development, and maintenance, among others. Currently, there are ten (10) human resources personnel who have effectively assisted the manager in undertaking these functions in the most effective manner. It was, therefore, recognized that effective group communication is a relevant aspect of the development of a cohesive group through collaboration and camaraderie. With the entry of five (5) new employees, there is a need to immerse these members to the HRD through the assumption of their respective roles. As such, theoretical frameworks of group development, conflict management, and application of effective group communication techniques through identification of barriers in group communication, would be proposed, as deemed necessary. There are barriers to communication that impede the flow and affect the ability to understand the messages transmitted in the most

News As a Show Essay Example for Free

News As a Show Essay The mass media have provoked an important change in the way to inform. According to Jose Alberto Garcia Aviles (2003) www.boletinbit.tv/noticias/archivo/bit44_infotainment.htm the mix of information and entertainment is not a new phenomenon, it is known with the name of infotainment. The problem of this is that the majority of the news have become in a show. The main consequence of infotainment is that the information becomes in a business, where the citizens are the consumers. The Companies of Audiovisual information observes the target. Its objective is get much more audience to obtain much more money and to have less competence. My hypothesis about the news as a show is focused in catastrophes, accidents or personal tragedies inside TV, since these are the clearest example to know why nowadays the news are treated as a show. According to C.A.C (Audiovisual Council of Catalunya) www.audisualcat.net the news about catastrophes, accidents or personal tragedies provokes an emotional alteration towards people and the journalists. This kind of news creates public interest by means of solidarity and pain or morbid curiosity. The people have the need to know what has happened because they have a proximity feeling, of this way the Audiovisual Companies create a demand of information. The journalists and the Audiovisual Companies have the power of information. They have a big responsibility about this topic because they are who decide: to present a straight report on the events of the day or to broadcast the news as a show. To obtain more audience, they broadcast morbid images about catastrophes because they have much more impact in the persons. There are a connection between the morbid images and the proximity of people. If they emit these images, they get much more audience, as soon as it is a strategy of market because it is a way to compete with the others TV channels. My hypothesis studies the responsibility that the journalists and the audiovisual Companies have when they inform about tragic events. The problem is that while ones have right to inform and to be informed, others have right to hide its intimacy. The journalists and the Audiovisual Companies have to know the allowed limit to record a tragic event. They must minimize the effects of disaster and they must have conscience about the repercussion of its activity. REPERCUSSION The image is more impact than the voice. For this reason, the broadcasted news through TV affects much more to people. The journalists responsibility in TV is bigger than in others mass media; because a shocking image is very difficult forget it. The problem is that these images can be harmful to the victims, family, citizen, etc. If the broadcasted image is very morbid, provably it will have a seriously repercussion toward the family. Example: a morbid image of a boy hurt seriously in a war. Is very different to know that this boy has died, than see him to die. The family must be informed but it doesnt deserve more pain. SOLUTIONS The journalists and Audiovisual Companies must find the balance between right to inform and right to the intimacy when they emit information and images about catastrophes, accidents or personal tragedies. According to C.A.C (Audiovisual Council of Catalunya) www.audisualcat.net the journalists have the obligation to inform to people about their right to the intimacy. Sometimes the people dont know it and the journalists make the most of them. Others times the Authorities, who should inform, dont do it, therefore the journalists look for victims and affected people to cover the news. Informing about this topic is not easy, for that reason the Audiovisual Companies should help and give to the journalists, moral support to guarantee good information. Another possible solution could be dont emit information constantly because it can increase the tragic effects. As well, they should shun the repeated use of the same images and the information that doesnt contribute anything new. The journalists also should avoid the zooms, close-up, etc. because it implies much more to the people. The lexical used in the news is very important. They shouldnt use adjectives, common places. of a dramatic manner because it can frighten to the people. The broadcast of images reflecting hunger, pain, bitterness, poverty, etc. can provoke moral damages. Violent images EFFECTS AND CONSEQUENCES The most dominant mass media is the TV. The image is an important factor inside TV because a bad use of this can cause a lot of consequences. When the journalists inform about tragedies, many times broadcast very violent images. According to Potter (1999), this can provoke immediate effects or long-term effects: IMMEDIATE EFFECTS 1. DISINHIBITION: it is a behavioural effect (Potter, 1999). This effect is related with justification of violence. Potter et al. (1999, p.90) notes that: Retaliatory motives, such as revenge, appear to be the strongest in leading to disinhibition. The causal path may go from motives to justification to disinhibition. That is, when a motive legitimates the violence, that violence is regarded as justified, and viewers are more likely to exhibit a disinhibition effect. One of the most important features of the news is the objectivity. Its not the same to explain news from the point of view of society than from the perpetrator. The National Television Study, (in Potter, 1999) say that: Much of the violence is justified. It is because sometimes the violent news is broadcasted from the point of view of the perpetrator. Potter and Ware, 1987 (in Potter, 1999) affirm that: The amount of justification changes depending on the perspective from which it is judged. Potter and Ware (1987) found that 93% of violent instances were justified from the perspective of the perpetrator, not by society. Therefore, the point of view can determine the opinion of people. When the tragedies are justified, provoke to people a feeling of disinhibition because they can get to understand the perpetrator attitude. 2. FEAR: it is an emotional effect (Potter, 1999). The violent images can alter the life behaviour of people because this can create fear. The fear can cause a mental disorder and it can have serious consequences. The people live scared, thinking that they could be the next victims. 3. DESENSITIZATION: every day appears much more violence in the news. As a consequence, people get into the habit to see violent images. This habit provokes a lack of sensibility. People lose sensibility towards violent images. LONG-TERM EFFECTS 1. AGGRESSIVENESS: it is a behavioural effect (Potter, 1999). Potter et al. (1999, p.42) notes that: Exposure to violent portrayals in the media increases subsequent viewer aggression. The violence, doesnt affect of the same way to all people. It depends on the persons, family, background social, etc. There are people who are more sensitive towards violence and they can imitate it. The TV is a powerful mass media and it not only entertain also teaches us. The violent images of the TV can transmit aggressiveness to the people; even people can learn to behave aggressively (Potter, 1999). THE PRIMARY EFFECTS *According to Liebert an Schwartzberg, 1977 (in Potter, 1999) the direct imitation and disinhibition are primary effects. *According to The National Television Violence Study, 1997-1998 (in Potter, 1999) learning, desentization and fear also are primary effects. Violent images SITUATION IN ENGLAND AND OTHER COUNTRIES Many studies show that in the whole world there is a high index of violence in the television, and it is exposed of an antisocial manner (Potter, 1999). Potter et al. (1999, p.56) notes that: The United States leads the world in the prevalence of violence on television. Violence is less prevalent on TV in countries other than the United States. William, 1982 (in Potter, 1999) found: 18.5 acts of aggression per hour in North American Television. Furthermore the aggressive scenes were longer (Potter, 1999). Great Britain has a lot of violence in the news. According to Broadcasting Standards Council, 1993 (in Potter, 1999) The highest rate was found on national news (7,5 scenes per hour). According to Kapoor, 1994 (in Potter, 1999) Korea has very few violence compare to other countries since in general it has less than 8%. By other hand, according to Mustonen and Pulkkinen, 1993 (in Potter, 1999) Finland has the rate highest of violence in cartoons. It is because the majority of imported programs come of North America (Potter, 1999). Mustonen and Pulkkinen, 1993 (in Potter, 1999) say that: They attributed much of the aggression to importation from other countries According to Goonasekera Lock, 1990 (in Potter, 1999) in Asia, although there is less violence in the TV, it is much more blood and gloried. In Japan, the rate of violence is very similar to the American ones (Potter, 1999). Iwao, de Sola Pool, Hagiwara, 1981b (in Potter, 1982) think that: In Japan, 2.3 min/hr were violent, compared with 2.4 in the United States. In this country there are much more verbal violence than physical violence. Normally, the physical scenes of violence show persons suffering. Japan, has the highest rate of violence in cartoons: 14.3 scenes per hour (Potter, 1999). According to C.A.C (Audiovisual Council of Catalunya) www.audisualcat.net , in a Barcelona (Spain) local TV called BTV, the dominant topic inside news are the aggressions. This graph above shows the time for each new shown on TV. Violent images OPINIONS According to Lorry, 1997 (in Potter, 1999) a recent poll about the violence on TV shows that 70% of public opinion thinks that occasionally the violence on TV provokes people an aggressive behaviour. A U.S. News World Report (in Potter, 1999) poll found that: 92% of Americans think that the television contributes to violence in U.S. Bybee, Robinson, Turow, 1982 (in Potter, 1999) notes that: According to a poll of 500 college-level teachers and communication scholars, 66% believed that exposure to television increases aggressive behaviour. CONCLUSION According to CAC (Audiovisual Council of Catalunya) www.audisualcat.net, the professionals of the information have not a lot of references, which force them to adopt a critic attitude of their activity. Therefore the journalists responsibility is larger because they are who decide to broadcast the news as a show. The 11th and 12th of December, 2000 I went to a conference about informative treatment of personal tragedies that took place inside C.A.C (Audiovisual Council of Catalunya). In this conference, many important people talked about the journalists responsibility, right to inform, right to intimacy, repercussion, effects, consequences, etc. During two days they talked about a personal tragedy: 28 children died as a consequence of an accident between a truck and a bus in Soria (Spain). The 30th of March 2002 two trains crash face to face in Torredembarra (Spain). When that news was reported, every channel offered different information about the catastrophe. For example: while ones reported that there were 3 dead and 60 injured, others stated that there werent any dead and the injured were just 51. The journalists must assume the difficulty of their work. They have so much responsibility that they cant commit this kind of mistakes because the consequences can be huge. According to the law, the intimacy is a right. Although the journalists and the Audiovisual Companies know it, most of them dont respect it. The main problem is that although the affected people sue them, the problem doesnt disappear. The Audiovisual Companies think: if the affected people sue us, we would lose 70 millions. Ok! We will get 90 millions if we broadcast the violent images, therefore its better for us! Then my question is: what should a mother do if she sees how journalists record her dead son and she knows that although she can sue them, they will continue getting money thanks to it? BIBLIOGRAFY WEBS RESOURCES www.audiovisualcat.net/ http://www.boletinbit.tv/noticias/archivo/bit44_infotainment.htm BOOKS Potter, W. J. (1999) On Media Violence. United States: Sage Publications, Inc. JUDITH NAVARRO J0274939 BROADCAST JOURNALISM PHILIP CROOKES 9TH OF DECEMBER

Management Structure At Habib Bank Limited Commerce Essay

Management Structure At Habib Bank Limited Commerce Essay HBL is the largest bank in Pakistan which has 1450 branches in Pakistan and 55 branches in all over the world. HBL head office is situated in Karachi, Pakistan, the first capital city of Pakistan. HBL commonly referred as HBL Pakistan. HBL is mainly do functions in commercial banking. Commercial Banking means that it accepts deposits from investors and creditors and lending loans to borrowers, which may sometimes common public and mostly the well established industries and organizations, takes loan to fulfill their expenditures. History: *********** The founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, make a perception that their must one financial intermediation which helps the Muslims of India before the separation of Pakistan and India. So the HBL came into being in 1942 at Bombay. Then, Jinnah after the seperation of Pakistan and India decided to move the head of HBL in Pakistan, so the first bank opens in Pakistan at Karachi, which is the first capital of Pakistan at that time. Then the HBL Bank nationalized and intertwined with Habib Bank (overseas) by the government of Pakistan. HBL privatized their bank in 1991. Vision and Mission: ************************* Our vision is to satisfy our customers with services so well that they came to our company again and again. They feel comfortable with our services at customer value and satisfaction. HBL mission is to satisfy customers in such a way that they feel prosperity to come again and again in our business. HBL divides their values in five categories: Excellence Integrity Customer focus Meritocracy Progressiveness Excellence in HBL is that we must maintain our services in excellence to keep us within the market. Integrity in HBL is they must have to maintain their sincerity and truthfulness in the market otherwise the customer give importance to our opponent banks. Customer focus in HBL is that they must identify the customer needs, wants and demands and to fulfill their needs at customer value and satisfaction. Meritocracy in HBL is that they must have to give oppurtunities to their employees and must believe in them to increase their production. Progressiveness in HBL is that they must have to introduce new products and methods in their and to introduce new innovative ideas and to implement to give new qualities services. Management: ****************** Management in business is to get more and more peoples and together them for a same purpose that is getting things or goals done with the available resources that the company has, to produce the profit. Management is very important part of any company. Its main focus is to manage the employees, make policies, standards, and motivate employees to fulfill their tasks. Management Functions: ******************************* Management performs four kinds of tasks, which are as follows: Planning Organizing Leading Controlling Planning is to make policies, standards, regulations in the company. This is mainly done by the top-level managers. They make the policies and give it to middle managers to implement those policies within the organization. Organizing is to organize the schedule on the daily basis, and to make operations within the organization and distribute them to employees to perform their tasks. Organizing is basically managing of companys tasks, goals and objectives. Staffing some analysts thinks as the third function of management, but some say that they are not part of management. Staffing in each and every business is to arrange and fix the employees in the right post what qualities the employee has. Leading is to lead the business in order to acquire the goals and objectives and to maximize their profits. Leading is mainly done by the supervisors who cooperate with employees at regular basis. Controlling is the process by management controls the company performances and explains them to fulfill their tasks according to company policies and regulations. This is mainly done top-level, middle- level and first-level managers. The HBL is also performing this management functions to fulfill their tasks, goals, and objectives. Management Skills: ************************* The skills which must be required in managers to appoint them as managers are: Technical skills Political skills Interpersonal skills Conceptual skills Diagnostic skills Technical skills are that managers must have specialized knowledge which are required for the managers post. Political skills must be required in managers post to keep the power in their area to manage operations and to establish connections. Conceptual skills are by the managers to search the conceptual problems in the company and to resolve these problems. Interpersonal skills are used to communicate with the employees, and to motivate, and to supervise them in their problems. In order to manage the routine employees problems managers must have interpersonal skills, because in order to resolve this complexes managers must have to communicate with the employees. Diagnostic ability helps him to choose the most appropriate response in any situation. If they judge the mistaken or wrong answer to this it means that they has less ability to pick the select the right choice in the complex situations. In HBL managers they have these skills in order to manage their companys position in the market and to give appropriate oppurtunities to employee, so they feel satisfaction in the company. Basic Roles: **************** The basic roles which managers must adopt are: Interpersonal Roles Informational Roles Decisional Roles Interpersonal Roles as we discuss before interpersonal skills, same to that in this manner that managers role is to coordinate with their employees, and make an interaction between them. Informational Roles are that the managers must handle, share information with the companies employees to gain the companies objectives and goals in a better way, because if the employee knows about these things they put their full efforts in gaining these goals. Decisional Roles are that the managers must have the ability of take decisions in complex situations and take the appropriate decisions. In Habib Bank Limited, there managers have these roles in order to maintain their company operations. Levels of management: ****************************** In any organizations there are at least three level of management: Top-Level Management Middle-Level Management First-Level Management Top-Level Management usually involves the management which takes decisions about the policies, regulations, objectives and goals of the companies. They are board of directors, chief executive managers, president, vice president and much more. Middle-Level Management usually works as the middle management who tells about the policies, goals and objectives of company, which are set by top-level management to the lower-level management. They are mainly responsible to give details information about the company operations to the top-level management. They are normally branch managers, operation managers, finance managers and much more. First-Level Management is responsible to complete the tasks of the day to day basis business. They usually assign the tasks to the employees and if they have any problems they supervise or assist them to solve that problem. They are also responsible to the daily production of the company. In HBL bank they have these management levels in their company to make policies, implement those policies and for managing the day to day work. The following diagram explains the management levels in HBL bank. SWOT Analysis: ********************* This analysis is necessary in every organization to assess about their internal and external affairs. They are usually used to the advantages and disadvantages in business due to internal problems and external that is daily changes in market. The SWOT analysis is distributed into four categories, such as: Strengths Weaknesses Oppurtunities Threat Strengths are used to examine the advantages of any business. Weaknesses are used to examine the weakness in any business or company, to check which problems they are facing today and they can manage them. Oppurtunities means to check what kind of oppurtunities the company is giving to its employees and customers, and also it involves the job seekers. Threat is used to examine that which kind of threats the company is facing today and which they will face in future. After discovering them, the next step is to take steps to resolve with such threats e.g., if the opponent starts giving their services at less price. In Habib Bank Limited they are also using SWOT analysis to check the strengths, weaknesses, oppurtunities and threats, and after that they take steps to eliminate the weaknesses and threats and also to improve and increase their strengths and oppurtunities. The following diagram explains you the SWOT analysis in HBL Bank: Production or Operation: ******************************** Production or operation is done on the daily basis to give valuable services to customers at customer value and satisfaction. Basically the operation manager is responsible for these. They supervise employees and assign them the tasks on the daily basis to get the required goals and objectives. You can see the production process in this: Input Transformation Output The steps involved which a company or organization must examine are: Quality Management Scheduling Forecasting Design Layout Quality management is important field or area in production department. By giving the quality services or products advantage the company in this manner, to gain customer loyalty. This operation is done by the operation manager. Scheduling is done by the operation manager. In this field, the manager makes the schedules to save the wastage of time by dividing the operations in suitable levels, which is divided in such manner to save as much time as possible in operations. Forecasting method is used to forecast about future events by examining the past experience. By this method the operation managers make decisions that what steps they have to take to increase their production level. Design is that the company changes their services on the routine basis to get more satisfaction from customers. To keep them within the market they must have to focus on this area because in todays rapidly changing markets effect our position in the market if we do not focus on this area. Layout is basically the arrangement of structure. It basically presents a good atmosphere look of the company to the customers to attract them. HBL is also focusing on the operation area strongly. They basically deal with the services and want to improve them in this field for providing best quality services in the market. For this they are focusing them on quality management, scheduling, forecasting, design, and layout methods. Functions in HBL: *********************** HBL Bank offers different services to its customers e.g., commercial banking, corporate banking, Investment banking, Retail banking, Treasury banking, and Islamic banking. Commercial banking in which HBL bank accepts deposits from investors and lending loans to borrowers. Corporate banking focusing on giving the facility of cash management and payroll services to the customers. Investment banking in which the lends their loans and the other ways in which they can invest their deposits to get interest e.g., in stock exchange. Retail banking is the most important function of HBL bank, because in this aspect the HBL provides the least cost deposit to open a new account. Treasury banking in HBL is used basically to manage the capital risk and to prepare balance sheet statements in order to manage assets and liabilities of company. Islamic banking services are also given in HBL bank at customers demand. Marketing: ************* Marketing in companies plays an important role. Companies use this to identify the customers needs, and to know about changing markets, and to make strong customer relations, and make marketing mix programs etc. Definition: ************* Marketing is making some policies and strategies to sell their goods in the market at customer value and satisfaction. Needs and Wants: *********************** Think about what you really need. In marketing we must have to identify the needs of customers and satisfy them and sell at profitable value. Needs involve the physical needs like food, clothing, safety etc. Wants are needs that are different in every person because of their personality and culture background. Demands are that people wants quality products that satisfy their needs at customer value. HBL Bank is focusing in all of these aspects to provide quality service to their customers. Marketing Mix: ******************* Marketing mix involves four steps, which is also known as 4 Ps, are as under: Price Product Placement Promotion Price plays a vital part in marketing mix. In order to maintain their Services, company must maintain their prices rates to sell their products and services to customers at customer satisfaction value. Product is the brand or service which the company is going to introduce in market to get responses from customers. Products are normally introduced by the company after gaining knowledge of the peoples needs and wants. Placement is that after choosing the brand or service which the company is going to introduce in market, the company decide that where they place this product or service in market. Promotion is the last step of marketing mix, in which the company promotes its product or service by advertisement in newspapers, TV commercials and much more. The HBL bank provides many types of facilities to customers in products, from which the two are discussed as follows: Debit Card Master Card HBL introduced Debit Card service to give him the service to use this card as payment tool. By this they can withdraw cash from ATM machines without waiting for his money at the cashier point. HBL also provides the facility of Master Card, by which they can buy their basic needs, also if they have no cash. This card is like a bank loan which the customer has to pay at a specified date. Debit Cards and Credit Card images are follows: Segmentation: ******************* Segmentation is that marketers distribute their services or products into segments, which they do after a research that in which segment which product or service is best to introduce. Peoples needs, wants and demands in different regions is different due to culture, personality, basic needs and much more. HBL bank is also focusing in the segmentation method to fulfill the different needs of peoples of different regions. For Example HBL bank provides the facility of online banking in 650 branches out of 1450 branches. Promotion: *************** Promotion in marketing is to put an impression of the company or brand or services in peoples mind. HBL is also doing such kind of activities. For Example Jahan Khawab Wahan HBL. Human Resource Management: **************************************** More and more companies are demanding to appoint skilled persons to functions of their company in a proper manner, to get the desired goals. For this they are mainly focusing on different areas to get the appropriate employees for their companies. Human resource management also referred as personnel management. The functions which the Human Resource Management is focusing are listed as follows: Current Assessment Job Analysis Recruitment and Selection process Training Development Performance Management Compensation Employee Relation Current Assessment: *************************** In Current Assessment method the human resource manager search Where and which department the company needs more skill posts. Current Assessment method is also used for forecasting our future by examining the past experience. They also make forecasting how much employee leaves our company this year and how much employees retire this year. Job Analysis: ****************** In Job Analysis human resource collect a list of specifications means which skills and duties are needed for that post. For the collection of data they use two kinds of searching The Interview Questionnaires In the interview method the human resource manager takes the Interview of individual employees, group of employees, supervisors who have the knowledge about that post. In the questionnaire the human resource manager give questions to employees to fill the questions. After collecting all the related data they make the job description after consulting with that data. Job description is basically involves all the tasks and responsibilities which the hiring employee will perform. Job Specification is also the area of Job Analysis, in which the human resource manager makes the specifications which are required for that post. This involves education, skills, personality, aptitudes and much more. Recruitment Selection Process: ******************************************* Recruitment process is that how we attract people to collect the pool of candidates to complete the work. First we examine the internal resources that we choose any specific person from inside the company for a particular post. Second way is that utilize our external resources to hire a suitable candidate for a particular post e.g., through advertisement, through internet or through newspapers adds we collect pool of candidates. The following picture explains you the process which the HBL bank is using in their recruitment and selection process. In the HBL bank recruitment process they after planning make a perception that which vacancy is going to fill. They get this information after making a proper examining of job analysis area, which they had prepared to identify the skills and duties that are required. First they collect the pool of candidates which are appropriate for their posts in which they want to hire employees. HBL uses both the internal resources and d external resources as well to collect suitable candidates for jobs, to meet our goals and objectives in a better way. In the external resources, HBL bank uses the advertising e.g., by newspapers, Trade and Professional Journals (Aurora Magazine), Internet job sits like (Rozee.pk). They are using another oppurtunities to hire candidates from outside sources e.g., Sidat Hyder Morched Association are working for HBL bank to search suitable candidates from outsourcing, or through College Recruitment the, HBL bank hire the final semester students from LUMS University and Lahore School of Commerce, by sending their selected employees who make surveys to these colleges to collect the suitable pool of candidates. Selection: ************** After finishing the recruitment area, means after selecting the suitable pool of candidates, the next step taken is to select the most suitable candidate for this job. In HBL bank selection board selects the suitable candidates from the pool of candidates by examining their CV are which are submitted to them. The first step which is taken in the selection process is screening. Through the screening process the organizations select the appropriate candidates for that post. After screening process the organizations takes a test. In HBL bank after short listing suitable candidates they call them for an interview and test. The methods which are used for interviews are: Structured Interview Unstructured Interview In the structured interview, the interviewer makes a planned interview that which questions they are going to ask from candidates. In the unstructured interview, they did not prepare that which questions they are going to ask, except this they ask questions from candidates as they feel it is necessary to ask from candidates. In HBL bank they also use these methods to take an interview of candidates. It depends on the interviewer that which means they are going to use to take an interview from candidates. Either they are going to use: Panel Interview One-to-One Interview Mass Interview Panel Interview in which two or more than two peoples takes interview from candidates. In one-to-one or face-to-face interview, only one person takes the interview of candidates. In Mass Interview, they take two or more candidates interview at the same time. After taking interviews, they take tests of candidates to get the knowledge about candidates skills and common sense. The types of tests they take in this are: Cognitive tests Intelligent Quotient test Aptitude test Personality test Training Development: ******************************** Developing is the process by which organizations groom their existing employees skills, and to train the new comers about how they will have to done their tasks. The difference is that we use training to train new comers about how they will have to do their tasks, but we develop the existing employees skills to perform their tasks with more efficiency. The methods which are normally used in HBL bank for training are: On-the-Job Training Off-the-Job Training Apprenticeship Training Informal lectures Effective lectures On-the-Job Training means to train the employees on the job, when they are performing their tasks. Off-the-Job Training means is the vice versa of on-the-job training, that is not given during the job. They are normally specified for managerial posts not for ordinary employees. Apprenticeship training in which the employees are trained by the coordination of classroom instructions and on-the-job training. Informal learning is that the most of the labor gains knowledge by informal means during their job. Effective lectures are given in HBL bank routinely to make their employees efficient to perform their tasks in an effective way. Performance Management: ********************************** It is the responsibility of the human resource management to prepare the procedures for performance management. Performance Management is used to compare the employees current and past performance in perspective of performance standards. HBL bank is also focusing in this area in this manner that they also check the performance of their employees on the routine basis. They also award rewards and bonuses to the employees, if they perform their given tasks in an effective manner. Compensation: ******************** Compensations are salaries, wages, rewards, and bonuses which are given to the employees by the organization for performing their tasks in an effective manner. HBL bank compensates to its employees in two perspectives: Direct Financial Payments Indirect Financial Payments In the direct financial payment the HBL pays directly to the employees their salaries, wages, rewards, and bonuses in cash. In the indirect financial payments they do not give cash directly, but in the way of services e.g., medical, insurance, residence, car fuel etc. Employee Relation: ************************* Employee Relations is to produce employee relationship among the employee and employer, and managers. To build employee relation the HBL provides two facilities: They build employee relationship by interpersonal communication between employees. The second one is that they perform to solve the conflicts between employees and to build strong employee relations between them. Finance: ************ Finance basically performs two types of tasks: First is the collection of Capital Second one is allocation of Finance In the first category, the finance managers collect Capital from the investors or creditors. HBL bank is basically a commercial bank, so it collects cash from creditors who deposit their money in banks. After the collection of capital, the next step which is taken by the finance manager is where they invest this capital to earn profit. In HBL bank they lends their deposits to the borrowers, who may be common person or also taken by the industries to meet their expenditures. HBL bank invests their deposits in these categories: Auto Finance Personal Loans Flexi Loans Housing Loans New Jubilee Life Insurance: ************************************ HBL also combines them with NJI Life Insurance to launch two more products in markets. Amaan Tabeer Amaan is the service provided by HBL bank to those persons who are retired from their jobs. Basically it is retirement focus policy which introduces you with the services to meet your desires or dreams e.g., to purchase a new car, to go for world tour etc. Tabeer is the service, which is provided by the HBL bank to secure your childs future in education and marriage needs. Service Quality Department: ************************************ The service quality department is used to improve and differentiate our business in the market with our services that we provide to our customers. In todays world it is very difficult to establish an image of your organization in the market easily. This is because of the changing habits of peoples in our environment. The changeness in the peoples behavior is also affected by his family, culture, background and many other things. Thus in order to improve company skills in this department the HBL bank is providing some facilities, which are as under: Staff service Dress Code observance Mystery shoppers Customer service recognition programs Service crisis Management Suggestions: ****************** The HBL banking online banking is charging some cost. The advice is that in order to improve his customer services, they must reduce their costs on online banking. HBL introduces first time the Tele-banking service for their customers. But my suggestion is that when the customer use the Tele-banking service, the answer which he/she receives mostly that the operator is busy, please wait for sometime. HBL bank must have to take steps to improve their Tele-banking service sector. HBL introduces the college recruitment in his bank to get the latest pool of candidates available in the market. But my suggestion is that they must have to improve this service, because the process method of college recruitment is too slow. The HBL bank promotion process is too slow, because they give fewer opportunities to employees to exceed in their jobs. My suggestion is that HBL bank must have to change his promotion policies; otherwise they lose employee satisfaction in their company. The another problem which the customer are facing, that their most ATM machines networks are not working properly. So they must have to repair their network services or to replace the ATM machines.