Comparison of Cousin Kate by Christina Rossetti and The...

Compare and contrast Cousin Kate by Christina Rossetti with The Seduction by Eileen McAuley Comparison of Cousin Kate by Christina Rossetti and The Seduction by Eileen McAuley For this essay I have been asked to compare two poems. One from the era of pre twentieth century and one from the twentieth century. The poem from pre twentieth century I am writing about is ‘Cousin Kate’ by Christina Rossetti. The poem from the twentieth century will be ‘The Seduction’ by Eileen McAuley. These two poems have many similarities, but they also have many differences. It is pretty obvious that both these poets have different writing techniques, obviously because they were written in different eras. These two poems which I will be†¦show more content†¦In the next line we learn a lot about the narrator that she is a beautiful young women but she doesn’t realize it we also learn she is naà ¯ve. â€Å"Not mindful I was fair† The word ‘mindful’ implies that she is naà ¯ve and that she doesn’t even realize how beautiful she really is. â€Å"Why did a great lord find me out and praise my flaxen hair? The tone in this line is bitter and reproachful; the rhetorical question conveys her recrimination and regret. Almost that she is wailing with woe. â€Å"Why did a great lord fine me out to fill my heart with care?† There is also another rhetorical question here which implies that she is searching her conscious, â€Å"why did a great lore find me out† this line is repeated twice in the first eight lines and is what we call repetition which emphasizes her regret. Alternate rhyme is also used in the first eight lines â€Å"air†, â€Å"fair†, â€Å"Hair† and care†. â€Å"He lured me to his palace home – Woe’s me for joy thereof† There is a very emotive word in this one line this word is ‘Lured’ it implies that he exploited her like to advantage of her like the girl was exploited by the magazine editors in the seduction, it also implies his predatory nature. Exploitation is also a theme of this poem and ironically is also a theme of ‘The Seduction’ the theme exploitation implies that both women in both poems were exploited by society. In ‘The Seduction’ teenagers were leaded to believe it was normal to lose there chastity at a certainShow MoreRelatedComparison of The Seduction by Eileen McAuley and Cousin Kate by Christina Rossetti2821 Words   |  12 PagesComparison of The Seduction by Eileen McAuley and Cousin Kate by Christina Rossetti I will be analyzing the two poems, Cousin Kate, by Christina Rossetti, and, The Seduction, by Eileen McAuley. Both of these poems share the same theme. The two poems are both based on betrayed love but they each deal with a different aspect. Cousin Kate, is set in the eighteenth century but was written in the nineteenth century. It was set in Victorian eras which in those days Read More Similarities and Differences in the Two Poems, Cousin Kate and The Seduction3200 Words   |  13 PagesThe two narrative poems, ‘Cousin Kate’ and ‘The Seduction’ have a number of similarities between them, such as the poems are both based on love and the misuse of women. However, the two poems are also very different in some ways. For instance, the reactions to love vary in the poems. ‘Cousin Kate’ was set in the 1860’s and ‘The Seduction’ was set in the 1970’s, therefore, the poems are set one hundred years apart from each other. It is due to this that they have many differences between them. The

Critical analysis of a PR campaign Free Essays

Abstract The value of the public relations campaign has become a topic of substantial debate. This essay assesses the role of the process and the value it has in today’s business world. With the evidence presented showing that there can be value found in a well-executed PR strategy, the Queensland 2009 project illustrates the pros and cons. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical analysis of a PR campaign or any similar topic only for you Order Now This work will be of value to any researcher evaluating the nature of public relations. 1 Introduction Public relations and the capacity to effectively communicate a concept or idea to the general public has become a veritable science in the modern world (Macnamara, 2010). The converse argument that some utilize is that companies should not have to create a campaign to sell a good product, has also been used to limited effect (Goeldner and Ritchie, 2003). The role of public relations campaigns, or PR, in the business world has continued to gain prominence as increased technology allows companies to reach entirely new markets (Ryan, and Jones, 2011). This essay examines the Tourism Queensland promotion of the Great Barrier Reef in 2009 in an effort to develop an understanding of the strengths and detriments of the approach. Widely regarded as being one of the more effective PR campaigns in modern memory, the exercise illustrated the power and impact that a well-considered strategy can have. 2 Public Relations Campaign 2.1 Background The Tourism Australia website trumpets the Tourism Queensland 2009 â€Å"Best Job in the World† as one of the most successful public relations campaign in the world (Australia, T. 2014). Others cite the spectacle overshadowing the product in relation to this campaign (Macnamara, 2010). The Queensland campaign had a stated goal of developing an innovative method of promoting their destinations, while at the same time aligning market activity through all international markets (Utalkmarketing.com. 2014). Specifically targeted at a younger demographic the international Australian campaign offered a range of six out of the jobs in exotic regions to six lucky winners (Australia, 2014). Adhering to the basic principle of tourism, that there must be a unique offering in order to stoke interest, the Queensland campaign offered rare employment in an even rarer environment (Goeldner et al, 2010). Independent observers noted that the caretaker option enticed tens of thousands of applicant s to apply (Sweney, 2009). Yet, others noted the uptick in management cost that this process imposed on the business (Macnamara, 2010). This choice of presentation indicates that the campaign was successful due to the rare manner of enticement, the unique obstacles coupled with the psychological challenge represented by the remote nature of the experience created a novel opportunity. By targeting a demographic that was suited for their associated assets, the Queensland provoked international interest across a wide swath of populations and cultures (Sweeney, 2009). This supports the researches assumption that a large population would be interested in this brand of employment. This broad appeal serves to build an advertising platform that can be utilized to entice those that are not lucky enough to be chosen for the six positions advertised (Macnamara, 2010). Another factor that benefited the campaign was found in the word of mouth that appealed to a large swath of employable and most often employed people. This manner of inexpensive advertisement cost very little, yet provided a wealth of contacts that offered further revenue potential which is vital when considering similar concerns. This appeal also generated such an exotic story to the media that the sizable addition of coverage was provided by outside sources (Sweeney, 2009). With another addition of low cost advertising, this evidence suggests that the capacity to increase the scope of advertising and operations will very likely offset any adverse impacts. With a sense of mystery and excitement the Queensland campaign provided a story line that everyone around the world could watch with interest (Utalkmarketing.com. 2014). Utilizing a simplistic approach that appealed to every demographic, the campaign successfully communicated with their target audience. 2.2 Key issues The Queensland campaign felt that it was of primary interest to evoke a global interest in their properties through the PR effort (Utalkmarketing.com. 2014). By utilizing the form of competition to secure a ‘dream job’ the company offered an image that could be translated beyond the possible job, and into the realm of potential vacation. Utilizing a straightforward approach allowed for easy communication for every demographic (Sweeney, 2009). With positive exposure assured through the media interest in the contest, the continued stream of news and developments provided a demonstrative showcase for the entire regions assets (Sweeney, 2009). With five key areas including launch, application, shortlisting and voting, application section and employment there was a comprehensive effort to maximize the exposure (Utalkmarketing.com. 2014). Every stage of this campaign was focused on effectively communicating the message to the largest group at the least cost. By combining different incentives the campaign capitalized on free media coverage to accomplish their goals of worldwide exposure. 2.3 Effectiveness The Queensland PR campaign has been deemed an illustration of success and innovation by a wide variety of professionals and advertisers around the world (Pomering, 2013). The simple style, coupled with the psychological incentives combined to surpass company expectations. As evidence of their overall success, the Queensland Company claims the campaign has changed the face of global advertising in a positive manner (Australia, 2014). This point has a clear impact on the manner in which other modern operations are conducted. With numbers that are hard to dispute, the amount of interest generated by free media coverage alone provides a compelling appeal to the approach. 3 Conclusion This essay examined the Tourism Queensland promotion of the Great Barrier Reef in 2009 in an effort to develop a deeper appreciation of the benefits and detriments of the approach. This research illustrated that it was the simple, direct, novel and innovative approach the Queensland PR campaign that utilized the xotic locale and attractiveness of rare employment, alongside the simple principles of timing and effective communication to sustain the interest of entire global population. As a result of this strategy the company experienced free media coverage, a wide base for extended communication and an overall improvement of their brand image. Further, this able utilization of assets on hand was accomplished at a minimal cost with maximum effect. In the end the Queensland PR campaign of 2009 showcased what can happen when a company can tap into the dreams of a population, as well as the pocket book. References Australia, T. 2014. About the campaign – Best Jobs in the world – Campaigns – Tourism Australia. [Online] Available at: http://www.tourism.australia.com/campaigns/Global-Youth-about-the-campaign.aspx [Accessed: 7 Feb 2014]. Goeldner, C. R. and Ritchie, J. R. B. 2010. Tourism. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Macnamara, J. 2010. Public relations and the social: How practitioners are using, or abusing, social media. Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal, 11 (1), pp. 21–39. Pomering, A. 2013. Indigenous Identity in the Nation Brand: Tension and Inconsistency in a Nation’s Tourism Advertising Campaigns. Corporate Reputation Review, 16 (1), pp. 66–79. Ryan, D. and Jones, C. 2011. The best digital marketing campaigns in the world. London: Kogan Page. Sweney, M. 2009. ‘Best job in the world’ campaign storms Cannes Lions advertising awards. [online] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jun/23/best-job-advertising-awards [Accessed: 7 Feb 2014]. Utalkmarketing.com. 2014. Tourism Queensland ‘Best Job In The World’ Social Media campaign – Marketing Case Studies | UTalkMarketing. [online] Available at: http://www.utalkmarketing.com/Pages/Article.aspx?ArticleID=17349 [Accessed: 7 Feb 2014]. How to cite Critical analysis of a PR campaign, Essay examples

The main action of Hamlet Essay Example For Students

The main action of Hamlet Essay He must take his revenge one step at a time and tread very carefully, because if Claudius got the impression that Hamlet was out to get him there is no doubt that Hamlet would meet a premature death by way of Claudius hand. Hamlet uses his intellect as his most precious weapon. He uses clever wit to try to encourage a confession out of Claudius. Hamlet wants, more than anything else, for justice to be done, but he needs to find the right time and the right place to make this happen. He wants to do right by himself, in the way that he performs his revenge, so that he can suffer as little regret about it as is at all possible. We will write a custom essay on The main action of Hamlet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Hamlet eventually resorts to living as if in an antic disposition, in order to force Claudius into admitting the grievous wrong that he has done. Scholars who have studied the character of Hamlet, have long debated over the question of whether or not this antic disposition was merely to get a confession out of his uncle, or whether it was caused by the trauma he suffered due to the revelations he had recently received from the ghost about his mother and Claudius actions, combined with the pressure put on him to exact revenge for them. When the play within the play brings on the confession by Claudius, the corruption becomes real and proven. This brings on yet another bout of corruption by the new King. He knows he has been found out and so he must act quickly and without mercy to remove the threat to his position as King and to his life, that is his nephew. Hamlets determination and intelligence enables him to avoid the death his uncle had in mind for him and allows him another chance to destroy the moral and political festering sore that is corrupting their state. He no longer needs to prove to himself that he is doing the right thing by himself or the people of Denmark. Claudius has cleared that matter up for him by way of his confession. In fighting his uncle, Hamlet is doing more than seeking personal revenge: he is fighting a source of evil, a rankness, a focus of corruption which will infect all Denmark and destroy it spiritually. [Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet, David Bevington. ] The corruption in the play grows and grows from the beginning of the play to the bloody end, and throughout we can trace the progression of a corruption, which eventually leads to the death, through disease in the characters of Polonius, Claudius and Hamlet. Their deaths (physical corruption), is a precursor, signifying to the audience the ultimate fate of all those characters exhibiting signs of corruption. We can see from the conclusion of the play, the damage that the lies, and the cheating has done to the leadership of the state of Denmark, not to mention the effect that the incest, adultery, usurpation, and murder has done to the family themselves. In the end, however the corruption has festered and grown to the extent that it has destroyed itself, and it no longer exists. The result was a massacre, which purged a corrupt state. Denmark was left with a brand new King, Horatio, whom, it could be said, is worthy of the title as he has been loyal throughout and is one of very few who was not corrupt from the outset. Hamlet dies as King Hamlet dies, Polonius dies, Ophelia dies, Gertrude dies, Laertes dies and Claudius dies. They all become dishes for worms, beggars and kings in their privileged society. .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649 , .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649 .postImageUrl , .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649 , .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649:hover , .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649:visited , .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649:active { border:0!important; } .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649:active , .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649 .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7cf19ccb66c6fc26e8c359d40957d649:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo and Juliet: Innocent Victim of Love EssayBIBLIOGRAPHY HAMLET AND IDEOLOGY. Heejung Cha. http://www. cmsu. edu/writingcenter/HCessay. html WHAT HAPPENS IN HAMLET. J. Dover Wilson, C. H. Cambridge University Press. 1967 SHAKESPEARES HAMLET John Jump Essay by Jahn Kott page 200.

The king of comedy Essays

The king of comedy Essays The king of comedy Essay The king of comedy Essay The king of comedy Look tragedy through comedy l made so many tragedies, but the audience thought I had been making comedies all the time, Stephen Chou stated. When we refer to comedy, what comes up to your mind, laughter, humor? Have it ever occurred to you that sometimes the director was trying to express a tragedy emotion behind the comedy atmosphere? When we talk about Chinese comedy, we have to come to the most famous Chinese comedy actor, Stephen Chou, who acted in a large number of famous comedy movies. He plays an important role in the comedy world. In China, everyone knows his name. Among his representatives, the king of comedy is the most meaningful one to me. The king of comedy is about an actor, who Just played a bit role at the beginning, became a famous actor at last because of his great effort. Stephen Chou played a role called Diatonic. Reading tons of books about acting and wandering around the film studio to seek opportunities, he was crazy about acting. Unfortunately, the director only used famous actors to act. He did not give up. He opened a cinema and taught acting skills for free. Then by chance, he was able to act again. However, things did not go as well as he thought. Going through some setbacks, Diatonic was appreciated by a famous actress, Juan, who helped Diatonic play a main actor. At last, Diatonic helped a spy arrest the criminals and he made a success in his career. This movie is classified as a comedy, however, when you analyze this film through, you will find that this movie is a mirror of Stephen Ouzos career experience. The whole film was in an informal atmosphere. The first scene came into the audience was that Diatonic screamed to the sea, Fighting! We can tell that Diatonic was an ambitious young man. However, life was not fair to him. He wandered around the film studio everyday in order to seek an opportunity to act, even though it was only an extra. Fortunately, he did get a chance, which was a role Just act for a few seconds. Ironically, he acted too exaggeratedly and appeared in a scene that he should not be in. All the scenes needed to be refilled. The main actress was so angry, Im begging you. Even though t is only an extra, you should find a professional extra for this role. As a green hand in acting, Diatonic was so disappointed to hear this. This was about exactly what happened to Stephen when he was young. When he graduated after high school, he made a short film, as the main role and the director. However, the supporting role became famous. He could only be an extra in the following years and suffered from peoples insult. If you do not know Stephens background, you may not realize that the tragedy emotion behind this scene. We may come across a large quantity of faculties in our lives. Faced with them, some people choose to fight with it while some people choose to surrender. I am an actor, Diatonic declared. When people laughed at him, even the cook was not willing to serve him the food. This sentence always came out from Diatonic. When Diatonic decided to teach people how to act for free, a bunch of dancing girls in the bar came to learn. One of them, Phobia, could not stand Diatonic called her dancing girl, so she hit and insulted him with words. However, Diatonic replied, Miss, if you must call me an extra, you dont need o add damned in front of it. The audience burst into laugher hearing this. An actor might suffer from peoples insult only because you were not famous. What a tragedy it is. People Judge others according to their fame. Stephen wanted to use this scene to criticize a bad atmosphere in the society. If you Just laugh at it and do not think about it, you will never understand Stephens purpose. In the book, Of Contrast Between Tragedy and Comedy, the author pointed out that: The characteristic of comedy is laughter. It must, therefore, be asked how the excitation insolence and indignation is related to the laughter, or at least, how these emotions leave room for laughter. Satire, also, may be interpreted as a modification, or even as a kind odd inversion of comedy. The similarity of structure in the complex of emotions aroused by tragedy and that aroused by comedy suggests the possibility tragedy contributes to laughter. (552) We can tell that sometimes tragedy is hidden behind the comedy. Nothing is absolute. When these big stars offended Diatonic, their words seemed to be funny. Actually, they exposed that they had a bad morality. In the movie, Diatonic was a person who knew how to seize opportunities. When Juan agreed to help Diatonic, she let him participant in AU audition. They played a couple and Juan was going to die, Ive encountered too much failure in my life, and Im very tired. If I lose you too, I cant hold on anymore. With Donations nasal mucus falling onto Jeans face, the audition was passed. This scene was so interesting. Everyone was angry that how dare Diatonic let his nasal mucus fall. However, Juan thought that he was really devoted to the acting so that he could run his nose. This comedy scene reflected that in order to be an good actor, you should have a good reaction. Whenever you are required to cry, you need to cry. We always see the actors fabulous moment on stage, but who knows what they gave up to achieve todays success. The book Notes on Comedy and Tragedy also illustrated this point, Although comedy and tragedy are frequently considered antithetical in substance and treatment, their significance is not sufficiently realized, however, until one considers the similarity between comedy and tragedy (45).

Could Have and Would Have

Could Have and Would Have Could Have and Would Have Could Have and Would Have By Maeve Maddox Rita Levin asks: Can you please explain the difference between could had/could have and would had/would have. To begin with, the combinations could had and would had are impossibilities in standard English. It was with great dismay that I found the following utterances (and many more like them) on the web: If I had been killed she would had to carry a dark burden of remorse If Greece and Greeks would had been converted to islam would Greece had the problems of debt currently? Encore could had been a masterpiece If you could had $100 GC at Amazon, which cans for Rock music would you get? The combination could have is always followed by a past participle. NOTE: This discussion is limited to the use of have and had with could and would. Here are some uses of could have and would have. Someone was capable of doing something, but out of choice or necessity, was unable to do so: I could have been a contender. If I could have seen the stage, I would have told you who was playing. Something unfortunate was a possible outcome of some act: You could have killed us all, driving like that. The speaker is being critical: You could have opened the door when you saw what I was carrying. The speaker is speculating: Why isnt he here yet? He could have been caught in traffic. How did she find out? James could have told her. Note: could can be used to express speculation without the use of have: He could be stuck in traffic. Those strange neighbors could be space aliens. The phrase would have is also followed by the past participle form of the verb. It is used in the main clause of a sentence that contains an if clause: If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake. If they had been thinking straight, they would not have gone to the party. I would have reached my destination earlier if I hadnt lost my way. Here are the incorrect examples rewritten: If I had been killed, she would have had to carry a dark burden of remorse If Greece and the Greeks had been converted to Islamwould Greece have the current problems of debt? Encore could have been a masterpiece If you could have $100 GC at Amazon Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point Arc7 Patterns of Sentence Structure8 Great Podcasts for Writers and Book Authors

Lesson I had learned in my life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lesson I had learned in my life - Essay Example Consequently, I was aware of the fact that having a positive attitude in life was more important than what had happened to me in the past in terms of social life, education, money and other aspects of life that affected me directly. Moreover, I had learnt that it was not easy neither practical to control and / or change the actions of people on diverse settings in life. In respect to this, I had to understand what I needed in life and my purpose of being in the world. Most of the times, my mind was tempted to think that my main course in this world was to have a good education, a well-paying job, get married, and live happily there afterwards. True to this, I had to act on my attitude by building a life that was successful and full of happiness. As such, I had ought to improve my attitude towards myself and towards life every other day and ensure that my entire life was surrounded by positive attitudes despite situation that tended to bring up negativity. With time, I anticipated that the sum of these positive moments would assist me build a life that was successful. Just like a philosopher once said that a long journey begins with a single step, I was willing to turn the tables around just for my sake. I was quite conversant with my past life that was made up of numerous wrongs that had culminated to regrets and regrets. Nevertheless, I refused the past to determine my future, because if that happened I would be subjected to my previous attitude that would have likely led me nowhere in life, but rather made me an individual of circumstances. In the same way, I would be compelled to think that I was in control of what other people did in life, particularly towards me, which was not the case. In a general sense, my lesson was clear. My life had no limits and I was at liberty of living it as I pleased. By this, I meant that, I had let my past go and thus had no regrets

ESBL positive Escherichia coli and Klebsiella interaction with human Literature review

ESBL positive Escherichia coli and Klebsiella interaction with human urothelial cells - Literature review Example Acute uncomplicated urinary infection occurs when it presents as acute cystitis (Rubin, Shapiro, Andriole, Davis, & Stamm, 1992). Individuals with acute cystitis may also have non-obstructive pyelonephritis. Asymptomatic bacterial infection also occurs, where a urine specimen will show the presence of infective bacteria, but no symptoms of the urinary tract infection are observed. The infection can be recurrent because the source of the infection is harboured within the urinary tract. Complicated urinary tract infections occur in individuals who have abnormalities in the genitourinary tract. In women, increased volume of residual urine, bladder diverticulitis, and cystoceles contribute to the recurrence of UTI. For older males, benign prostate hypertrophy with urethral obstruction, chronic bacterial prostatitis, and turbulent urine flow often lead to urinary tract infection. Urinary tract infection has also been found to be a function of genetic predisposition and higher frequency of abnormalities in genitourinary organs (Raz, et al., 2000). UTI is common in the elderly population. Aside from age-related genitourinary abnormalities, the increase in urinary infections in elderly population is attributed to the use of indwelling devices like catheters (Nicolle, 2001). Clinical manifestations of symptomatic UTI are bladder infection, irritation of lower tract including incontinence, dysuria, urgency to urinate, suprapubic pain, and fever (Bentley, Bradley, High, Schoenbaum, Taler, & Yoshikawa, 2000). In patients with indwelling catheters, symptoms could include costovertebral angle tenderness that is more associated with pyelonephritis and fever even when there are no genitourinary symptoms (Orr, et al., 1996). The symptoms are associated with trauma due to insertion of the device or the infection from several microorganisms of the biofilm coating the catheter surface. 1.2. Enterobacteriaceae Enterobacteriaceae are Gram-negative rods that mostly grow well at 37Â °C and are facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative (Health Protection Agency, 2010). They are widely distributed in different habitats, and may be found in animals, plants, soil, and water. Several genera of Enterobacteriaceae are involved in the development of human diseases. Common genera include species of Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Morganella morganii, Proteus, Providencia, Salmonella, Serratia, Shigella and Yersinia (Health Protection Agency, 2010). 1.3. Escherichia coli The most important infective organism in UTI is Escherichia coli, but other Enterobacteriaceae species like Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Enterobacter also cause UTI. Proteus mirabilis, and Providencia stuartii and Morganella morganii, which are urease producers, are also common. Other species identified in patients with UTI are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococci, group B streptococci and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Yeast strains Candida albicans, C. tropica lis, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis have also been isolated mostly from patients with indwelling catheters, and diabetes mellitus (Nicolle, Urinary tract pathogens in complicated urinary infecion and in the elderly, 2001). E. coli originating from an individual’s intestinal tract is the most common source of UTI (Russo & Johnson, 2003). In the United States alone, 6-8 million cases of uncomplicated cystitis and almost 130,000 sepsis cases are attributed to community-acquired UTIs due