Line, Staff and Human Resources Management Authority

Line, Staff and Human Resources Management Authority What does it take to get the right organizational design for Human Resources? In today's constantly evolving environment, developing an organization that makes the right decisions, while directing others’ work and giving orders requires having line and staff authority in place. In this essay, we will explain what authority is and explain the difference from line authority and staff authority. Also we will explain what type of authority human resource managers have. So what is authority?Authority is â€Å"the power to determine, adjudicate, or otherwise settle issues or disputes; jurisdiction; the right to control, command, or determine† (Dictionary. com, n. d. ). Power is the ability to get things done either to enforce one’s own will or to enforce the collective will of an organization. This tells us that all managers have some form of authority. Now, let us distinguish between line authority and staff authori ty. Line authority gives management individuals the formal power to direct and control immediate subordinates. Staff authority gives managers the right to advise, recommend, and counsel other managers and employees.It is a communication relationship with management. It has an influence that derives indirectly from line authority at a higher level. According to Dessler (2008), line authority creates a superior-subordinate relationship and staff authority creates an advisory relationship. The authority of human resources is delegated by the top management of organizations. How much authority it derives from top management is a policy matter. With today's workforce becoming increasingly diverse and organizations doing more to maximize the benefits of the differences in employees, human resource managers are key players.Organizations are relying on managers to get the people who get the job done, and of course, make the company money. Human resource managers have three fundamental funct ions: 1) line function – directing activities within the department and related areas while having implied authority, 2) coordinative function – coordinating personnel activities and 3) staff functions – assisting and advising line managers. In conclusion, line, staff and human resources personnel must work together closely to maintain the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization.To ensure that line, staff and human resources personnel do work together productively, management must make sure all groups understand the organizational mission, have specific objectives, and realize that they are partners in helping the organization reach its objectives.References Authority. (n. d. ). Dictionary. com Unabridged. Retrieved July 18, 2010, from Dictionary. com website: http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/authority Dressler, G. (2008). Florida International University. In G. Dressler, Human Resources Management – 11th ed. (p. 4). Upper Saddle River, N J 07458: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Overview of Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Overview of Theories - Essay Example By understanding the numerous theories, it thus becomes possible to understand the behavior of children. The discussion below is an over view of three vita theories that explain the cognitive development of children. The three include Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory, Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory and Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory. Each of the three just as hinted above offers a varied view to the development of children. The discussion is therefore an over view of the three with the view of portraying the fundamental features of the theories and the ideas that each theory foster. By analyzing such, the discussion thus portrays the essence of the environment among other factors in the development of the children. The theory strives to explain the nature of knowledge. It explains the process of acquiring knowledge, its construction and subsequent use of knowledge in humans. The theory therefore portrays the fundamental factor that influence the definition of knowledge and the factors that influence the relevance of such. The theory asserts that children begin by understanding the world around them before experiencing the discrepancies that exist between their knowledge and the actual features of the environment as they interact with the people. The theory underscores the importance of language. It explains that language is a contingent on the process of cognitive development. The theory therefore explains the factors that influence the cognitive development of individual by explaining the development of children. The people that a child interacts with first influence the nature of their development. Such people as the family members influence the child’s understanding of the society. Furthermore, the theory provides language as a means of assessing the cognitive development of a child. Using language

Journal from Reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Journal from Reading - Essay Example It can also mean that the social worker, reviewing her clients’ affairs, comes to the conclusion that there is something structurally amiss at the workplace and that something must fundamentally change in the company’s organization if systematic absenteeism is to be further prevented. The aim is always to help clients to help themselves, to develop new prospects for the future or to simply accept a reality that is difficult to alter.† (p. 141) In order for a social worker to be successful in her career, her broad knowledge of various organizational and networking systems that provide support and services to their clients must be matched with her own vast understanding of how a person’s mind and emotions operate especially in times of crisis. Most of the time, counseling sessions are conducted with her client, or members of her client’s family. Here, the social worker’s communication skills are put to the test. â€Å"In conversations with the professional, clients speak out about their pains and sorrows, and about their hope and beliefs.† (Van Nijnatten, 2006, p.133) It becomes an avenue where both the social worker and the client brainstorm on ways to express these emotions so they construct new meanings and new perspectives. Coming from an objective frame of mind, the social worker helps the client distance himself to the concern at hand and explains that such overwhelming emotions that the cl ient is undergoing are normal and can cite cases of others who have survived through the same. Then ways to resolve the problem are discussed. In my current studies in Social Work, I realized that various clinical approaches have been developed by renowned psychologists and the social worker has a plethora of choices to use in a particular casework. One is the Task-Centered Model. In this model, the client is expected to carry out some tasks

Public Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public Relations - Essay Example Baker and Martinson (2002) articulated them as such; a) Truthfulness – does not only mean the â€Å"literal truth†. It is the practitioner’s dissociation from creating false and dishonest impressions out of factual statements. To be truthful is essential to ethical persuasion inherent in the profession of public relation. b) Authenticity – is consistent with being truthful. It meant practicing the profession with personal integrity. In launching a campaign or any persuasive effort, the practitioner must bear in mind the motive of such persuasive effort that it should transcend beyond the raw self-interest of the client. In observing authenticity, the practitioner should ask itself whether the â€Å"publics† will believe the message and if they will benefit if they accept the message. c) Respect- meant that the audience or â€Å"public† should not be treated as a mere means towards the client’s self-interest. The persuader or the PR pro fessional should bear in mind that in the practice of the craft, he or she should facilitate better understanding and provide good choices among its audience. d) Equity – the PR practitioner should be fair to the audience. ... 2. Functions of PR I am interested with I am interested with the community relations function of the PR practice. I am interested with it because it puts me in a position to wield opinion and foster goodwill in the community. I am interested with this function because I am able to facilitate communication and understanding not about the product or the institution that I represent but it also enables me to shape the opinions and perspective of the people. When done ethically, PR has the power to uplift the people from the sinking ignorance and can cast light and understanding during the time of disbelief and skepticism. 3. Significance of the article to the field of public relations The article chosen is significant as it addresses and illustrates the current trend on how information are being shaped and reshaped by an interaction between the public and the information institutions. It shows that perspectives, public opinion and public relations are now shared mutually both by the pub lic and information agencies through the Consumer Generation Media (CGM) which were before belongs to the sole discretion of the companies. In short, the articles’ significance is its relevance on how media is currently being shaped and reshaped by the new platforms such as blogs, social networking sites, websites, media sharing and etch which is used by the generation that I belong and how we are now being empowered by such platforms. 4. Significance of the article to the specific function of public relations The article illustrated how information institutions and companies have changed with the introduction of Consumer Generated Media. The creation and distribution of information is no longer the sole function of the media practitioners as technology has empowered

Hedging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hedging - Essay Example There are various ways in hedge oneself from exchange rate risk by the use of financial derivative products, and a combination of strategies using these products. The three top runners for hedging purposes in exchange rates are Forward Contracts, Futures Contracts and Options. We’ll discuss the strategies which can be formed in each case, and then conclude which strategy would be most suitable for our current scenario. A forward contract or simply a forward is a non-standardized contract between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a specified future time at a price agreed today. The most advantageous feature of a forward contract is that it costs nothing to enter into such an agreement. The difference between the spot and the forward price is the forward premium or forward discount, depending on the swap points of the currency pair involved. Forward contracts are traded over the counter, and are more customized for individual customers. Another feature of a forward contract is that there is no specific margin call mechanism. Since there is no cost of entering into this agreement, margin calls are non-existent in this type of trade. Moreover, it is not regulated by an exchange or clearing house, thus it does not involve the hassles which occur in such cases. However, a forward contract obligates the customer to deliver or take delivery of the underlying asset at the time of maturity. Failure to do so would result in a breach of contractual obligations and can lead to litigation. But we have to keep in mind that there is no guarantee that a customer will honor the contract. In our case, the Virtual Books can enter in to a forward contract to fix a forward price for its imports as well as repatriated profits. In the case of its import, if the forward price is less than the prevalent spot rate on the day of taking up that contract, he will be losing money on the contract. If the spot rate is lower than the agreed forward rate, then it will be gaining on t he contract. In case it’s relatively the same, Virtual Books will no gain nor lose. The reverse case applies for its repatriated profits in which he is selling Euros and receiving GBP. The next alternative in line is Futures Contracts. A futures contract is a standardized contract between two parties to buy or sell a specified asset of standardized quantity and quality at a specified future date at a price agreed today known as the futures price. A futures contract operates in ways similar to a forward contract; however, there are a few differences which make the two distinguishable. First of all, a futures contract is traded on an exchange. They are highly standardized and are backed by a clearing house. Unlike forwards, an initial margin must be put up with the clearing house as a form of collateral. Fluctuations in the price of the underlying asset will reduce or increase the outstanding initial margin of the buyer/seller. Once a minimum threshold has been hit, margin call s are made so as to deposit funds to meet the minimum margin levels. Futures are backed by the clearing house, so in case any party defaults, the other party will still be able to deliver/take delivery of the underlying asset. In the case of Virtual Books, if they enter into a futures agreement, they will go long in Euro Futures which will obligate them to buy EUR against the GBP. In the case of their repatriated profit

Regulatory Agency Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Regulatory Agency Paper - Essay Example he goals of America’s criminal justice clients through offering an all-inclusive correctional healthcare program, which deals with agency and offender needs in custody, pre-custody and post-custody settings (CHC, 2014). Based in Greenwood Village, Colorado State, the organization oversees over 2,500 workers all across the United States. It has five more regional offices plus a full-service health care center also based in Colorado. The organization is currently servicing in 27 states, and they have been developing gradually over the past years (CHC, 2014). The organization has consolidated and incorporated some of the most valued healthcare providers in the field to establish one of the leading correctional healthcare services organizations in the United States. CHC is dedicated to offering first-class community-based educational and treatment services for the U.S. criminal justice system. The organization have been offering outpatient treatment services for many corrections systems clients for over three decades and probation supervision services for over 10 years to roughly around 300 courts (CHC, 2014). In conjunction with their criminal justice partners, Correctional Healthcare Companies, Inc. is helping to resolve a number of the most demanding problems that the correctional system is facing today. Some of the problems include lack of efficient, evidence-based criminal specific treatment methods and a huge population of psychologically ill wrongdoers who occupy jail and prison beds. Also, there are the uncollected court fees, fines, as well as victim restitution, which are greatly affecting the U.S. criminal justice system (CHC, 2014). Another problem is the reduced budgets for correctional behavioral and mental health treatment plans. America is also facing high recidivism and parole/probation failure rates because of behavioral and mental health issues. However, CHC has been influential in implementing programs, which offer effective and responsible

Myocardial Infarction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Myocardial Infarction - Research Paper Example The infarction site depends on which vessels are involved. For example, if a blockage occurs in a circumflex coronary artery, this leads to lateral MI while blockage of a right coronary artery can lead to right-sided heart failures (Life nurses forum: Nursing care plans For Myocardial infarction). There are many predisposing factors to the higher number of MI cases. Some of these factors can be controlled while others cannot. These factors are; age, gender, positive family history of MI, high blood pressure, obesity, high levels of cholesterol, lack of physical activity, diabetes, stress, hypertension, increased serum triglycerides, excessive intake of saturated fats, salt and carbohydrates (Salim). Other risk factors include sedentary life, increased homocysteine and C -resistance proteins and use of drugs such as amphetamines and cocaine (Life nurses forum: Nursing care plans for myocardial infarction; (Haffner).About 20% of patients with MI have diabetes (Salim). The symptoms of M I includes; arm, epigastric and chest pain, breath shortness, diaphoresis, clammy skin dizziness, nausea, vomiting, angina frequency, fatigue, presence of pericardial friction rub, systolic murmurs, bradycardia, hypertension, absence of jugular vein distension, activity intolerance, decreased cardiac output, anxiety, among other symptoms (Life nurses forum: Nursing care plans for Myocardial infarction). Nursing process in Myocardial infarction. The nursing process is a very important thinking tool and involves a number of stages. Assessment This stage involves collecting and recording of data so as to obtain the necessary information which will help a nurse or a clinician to predict, detect, prevent, manage and eliminate health problems and associated risk factors. During the assessment, the nurse should be able to clarify the expected outcomes and the advantages of the care. These outcomes should be measurable. The nurse should also be able to choose intervention strategies to be u sed in achieving the desired results and promoting patients health (Afaro) Diagnosis Diagnosis is very important as it helps in analyzing and synthesis of data so as to facilitate drawing of conclusions. Diagnosis can be achieved through physical examination of symptoms. Other diagnostic tests which can be used include, detection of elevated levels of homocysteine and C- resistance proteins, electrocardiogram, use of cardiac troponin to differentiate between MI and injury of skeletal muscles. This can also be achieved by looking at the family history to identify if there is the positive relationship. During diagnosis, the nurse should identify patterns and produce a list of suspected problems and also rule out the presence of other health issues. Identification of symptoms is important as this may help the nurse to refer the case to more qualified personnel if need be (Afaro). The nurse should be able to clarify actual and potential health issues and the associated risk factors.